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 * Democritus**
 * 470 BC-371 BC (Greek Philosopher)

Democritus was a philosopher from greece. He wrote about 50 books but no longer exist today and were destroyed during the 3rd and 5th centuries. Democritus is best known for expanding the atomic theory of Leucippus he says that everything is made up of atoms. He also studied about life on earth and what everything is made of. He believes that the universe was created by atoms moving and colliding together to form large parts of the world. Democritus Theory of Solid Objects



Aristotle 384-322 BCE (Greece) Aristotle was a great writer who whote about many things that include politics, ethics, meterology, physics, anotomy,etc. He is best known as the author of Ethics he also founded schools of ancient philosophy. He also emphasized that nature consisted of four elements, air, earth, water and fire.

Ericurus 341-270 BCE He said that all objects and events(including human lives) are in reality nothing more then "physical interactions among minute indestrucible particles." As they fall towards the center of the earth, atoms swerve from their paths to collide with eachother and form temporary compound beings.



Sir Isaac Newton 1642-1727 In 1704 he proposed a mechanical universe with small solid masses in motion. He was an English physicist, astronomer, natural philosopher, mathematian, and alchemist. John Dalton 1766-1844 (Cumberland, England)/private/Network/Servers/Student03.nps.net/YOG2010/krnagle/Desktop/Picture clipping.pictClipping

John Dalton was born into a Quaker family in England. He was first interested in meterology and had many records of the weather conditions. John realized that pressure exerted by gas in a mixture is independent. He explained the law of partial pressures to chemists who didnt understand what was going on. Dalton found out that the forces of repultion that people thought to cause pressure was only acting for the same type of atoms and that the atoms in a mixture are different in weight and "complexity." He also calculated weights for different atoms and found out the different components and compounds of each. There is now a theory after him called Daltons Atomis theory. He believed that all metter is made up of atoms and that they are invisible and indestructable.

John Daltons original model of the atoms**



1779-1848 His interest in all sorts of compounds led to his discovery of a number of new elements, including cerium, selenium, and thorium. Dealing with so many elements in so many compounds motivated his creation of a simple and logical system of symbols—H, O, C, Ca, Cl, and so forth, which is basically the same as the system we use today**.
 * Jons Jakob Berzelius

1845-1923 In 1895 Roentgen noticed that some barium platinocyanide crstals near a Crookes tube with which he was experimenting were fluorescing. He spent six weeks in intense emperimentation with the new rays. Finally towards the end of the year he took an x-ray photograph of his wife's hand.**
 * Wilhelm C. Roentgen

1852-1908 He discovered spontaneous radioactivity when he dicided to investigate whether there was any connection between X-rays and naturally occurring phosphorescence.**
 * Henri Becquerel


 * Marie Curie**
 * November 7, 1867-July 4, 1934**
 * After Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity in 1896, it inspired the Curies in their researches and analyses which then led to the isolation of polonium and radium. Marie named polonium after the country she was born in.**

1868-1955 His studies of the Brownian movement in gasses put an end to all oppositions to the atomic and kinetic theories of matter.**
 * Robert Millikan

Neils Bohr October 7, 1885- November 18, 1962 (Copenhagen, Denmark)
 * [[image:http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1922/bohr.jpg width="233" height="308" caption="Niels Bohr"]]

After attending Copenhagen University John Dalton received his masters degree in physics and his doctors degree. He mainly studied nuclear weapons and helped to identify and create the atomic bomb. Bohrs model was that electrons travel in orbits around the atoms nucleus.**

1873-1975 William invented the Collidge tube and also conduted experiments that led to the use of tungsten as filaments in light bulbs.**
 * William David Collidge

Albert Einstein March 14, 1879- 1955 (Germany)
 * [[image:http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein.jpg width="239" height="293" caption="Albert Einstein"]]

Albert Einstein was one of the smartest physicists in the world. He studied the thermal proporties of light with low radiation density and these observations led to the proton theory of light. He invented the light bulb. Albert was a brilliant man who was able to solve and visualize problems in physics. He also contributed to the theory of radiation and relativity.

Ernest Rutherford 1871-1937**
 * In 1910, his investigations into the scattering of alpha rays and the nature of the inner structure of the atom which caused such scattering led to the theory of his concept of the "nucleus", his greatest involvement to physics. He said that practically the whole mass of the atom and at the same time all positive charge of the atom is concentrated in a small space at the centre.**

1887-1937 Erwim made important comtributions to the development of Quantum Mechanics.**
 * Rutherford-Bohr Model**
 * Erwin Schrodinger

October 20, 1891-July 24, 1974 In 1919, after the war, he had returned to England to accept the Wollaston Studentship at Gonville and Caius College, That year he had succeeded in disintegrating atoms by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles, with the emission of a proton. This was the very first artificial nuclear tranformation. Werner Heisenberg 1901-1976 Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize for physica in 1932 because of his theory, in 1925, and the applications of which resulted in the discovery of allotropic forms of hydrogen.
 * James Chadwick

J.J Thomson 1856-1940**
 * He discovered the electron in a sequence of experiments designed to study the nature of electric discharge in a high-vacuum cathode-ray tube, an area being investigated by a number of scientists at the time. Also in 1904 he suggested a model of the atom as a sphere of positive matter in which electrons are positioned by electrostatic forces.**
 * Plum Pudding Model**

Electron Cloud Model




 * __Current Events__

In the year 1492 Columbus and his crew landed at Fernandina which is now called Long Island. Columbus realized that there was more than one island and he was very surprised.

In 1551 the English Edward Seymour who was the duke of Somerset was re-arrested on October 16. He was arrested for the second time because he was charged of conspiracy because another ruler was scared he was going to organize a counter-coup. He wasnt found guilty but they later executed him and cut his head off at the Tower Hill.

In 1775 Portland, Maine was burned by the British on October 16th. They chose to burn Maine because they thought it was a poor target. The British closed the port of Boston to all of the American vessals and the people of Maine felt betrayed by Boston. As aggrevation started to rise the British finally opened fire to the town this lasted for nine hours. Only few remains still lie in Portland, Maine.

In 1813 the most crucial battle occured, The Battle at Leipzig. This battle was later known as the Battle of Nations because it was so big and there were many troops that took part in this. This battle resulted in the destruction of the French power in Germany and Poland. The countries that were involved in this war were the French, Austrian, Prussian, Russian, and Swedish.

In 1847 Charlotte Bronte's book, "Jane Eyre" was published. Her book was about an orphan who was being taken care of by her mean aunt untill she falls in love with her employer at work. Her book was very popular during this time.**


 * In 1861 confederacy started to sell postal stamps in America. This was the first time so everyone was excited to send more letters.

In 1875 the first football game between Quebec and Ontario takes place. Ontario won with a close score of 20 to 16.

In 1876 there was a riot betwen blacks and whites in South Carolina. There were five white people and one black person murdered during this cruel and dangerous riot.

In 1900 Queen Wilhelmina left her husband duke Heinrich von Mecklenburg because he treated her badly and she had enough of it.

In 1907 the Balasco Theater opened in New York. The first play to be seen in the theater was "Light, Lively, and Yiddish." There were many performances of that play because everyone was excited to see the new theater.

In 1912 Boston beat four out of the three games with the New York Giants and tied them in the 9th world series. This was an accomplishment for Boston because they played so well.

In 1915 Great Britain declared war on Bulgaria in the First World War because Bulagria joined the Central Powers.

In 1923 Disney and Company was founded as a cartoon studio at first. Walter Elias Disney was the founder of this industry. This company is one of the most famous sources of entertainment for all ages but mostly little kids. Disney has made billions off of his entertainment and cartoons, also Disney World.

In 1925 The Texas School Board prohibited teaching evolution to the students. Don McLeroy, the head of the school board tryed for many years to not teach fact-based science in public schools because he didnt want people to think that it was always right.

In 1939 there was a sugar rationing in the Netherlands during the war because there wasnt enough for everyone and they were running low on meterials and sources. They also had to ration on many other foods and materials, they even had food stamps and only a certain amount of an item would be distributed to a family.

In 1964 China became the worlds 5th nuclear power. They had some of the most powerful elements and meterials to make nuclear weapons.

In 1973 Maynard Jackson was elected to be the first black mayor of Atlanta. This was a major step for the black community because this ment that the black middle class was growing. The community was becoming more diverse.

In 2001 on September 11th the Twin Towers were attacked. This caused a drastic change in our countries protection and later ended up in war which we are currently in. There were also many innocent people killed in this attack and families of the victims are still in pain from this horrible act of terrorism.

__Bibliography__** __§ © 2000-2007__ [|//www.HistoryOrb.com//] __All Rights Reserved__ [|Privacy Statement] __§ Site designed, hosted and maintained by__ [|//Solution Second//]

http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Mathematicians/Democritus.html

1-44 Adapted from //Ancilla to The Pre-Socratic Philosophers,// by Kathleen Freeman, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1948.

45-48 Adapted from //The Presocratic Philosophers,// by G. S. Kirk and J. E. Raven. The University Press, Cambridge, England, 1962. //Selections from Early Greek Philosophy// by Milton C. Nahm.

http://www.chemheritage.org/classroom/chemach/periodic/dalton.html

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-bio.html

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1922/bohr-bio.html

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html

http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Mathematicians/Einstein.html

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1935/chadwick-bio.html