Jette.+Years+1900-1915

= Years 1900-1915 =

This group of fine gentlemen have the best quotes out of this whole entire

atomic history project check them out:

= Niels Bohr (1885 - 1962) =

“There are some things so serious you have to laugh at them.”


Niels Henrik David Bohr 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962
Bio:
 * Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.
 * Bohr mentored and collaborated with many of the top physicists of the century at his institute in Copenhagen. He was part of a team of physicists working on the Manhattan Project.
 * During World War II, Bohr fled Copenhagen to escape the Nazis.
 * He traveled to Los Alamos, New Mexico to advise the scientists developing the first atomic bomb. He returned to Copenhagen after the war and later promoted the Peaceful use of atomic energy.

Discoveries:
 * He won the 1922 Nobel Prize for physics, chiefly for his work on atomic structure.
 * In 1913, Bohr published a theory about the structure of the atom based on an earlier theory of Rutherford's. Rutherford had shown that the atom consisted of a positively charged nucleus, with negatively charged electrons in orbit around it. Bohr expanded upon this theory by proposing that electrons travel only in certain successively larger orbits. He suggested that the outer orbits could hold more electrons than the inner ones, and that these outer orbits determine the atom's chemical properties.
 *  Bohr described the way atoms emit radiation by suggesting that when an electron jumps from an outer orbit to an inner one, that it emits light.
 * Later other physicists expanded his theory into quantum mechanics. This theory explains the structure and actions of complex atoms.

= Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) =

= “We haven't got the money, so we've got to think!” =


 * Ernest Rutherford** 30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937

Bio:
 * Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand-born British chemist and physicist who became known as the father of nuclear physics.
 * Rutherford worked in fairly stable time. World War one had yet to start and the world was, for he most part, at peace and stable. He also had better technology and more resources available to him than earlier chemists, but this does not take away from his discovery. Rutherford's work was another major step towards the atomic theory we know today.
 * Rutherford died in 1937, and was honoured in death by being interred near the greatest scientists of the United Kingdom, near Sir Isaac Newton's tomb in Westminster Abbey. The chemical element rutherfordium (element 104) was named for him in 1997.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Discoveries:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In early work he discovered the concept of radioactive half life, proved that radioactivity involved the transmutation of one chemical element to another, and also differentiated and named alpha and beta radiation. This work was done at McGill University in Canada. It is the basis for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry he was awarded in 1908 "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances".
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">While trying to prove JJ Thompson's plum pudding model of an atom correct, Rutherford made several discoveries that changed the world of chemistry. During his famous Gold Foil experiment, Rutherford shot alpha particles at a thin sheet of foil foil, expecting the particles to pass directly through. In reality a small number of the particles deflected off in different deflections and even directly backwards (and were picked up by a screen surrounding the experiment). This result caused Rutherford to reassess the current atomic theory and he made a few changed as a result.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">First, Rutherford concluded that atoms were comprised of a tiny nucleus that contained a majority of the mass, surround by an electron cloud that took up the vast majority of the volume. Second that the electron orbited around the nucleus of the atoms, and were not just floating there like JJ Thompson had presumed. And finally, that atoms had a positively charged nucleus.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Rutherford's discoveries were break through for the atomic theory.

= Robert Millikan c. 1868-1953 =

one subject for more than two minutes. "
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
 * Robert A. Millikan** 22 March 1868 – 19 December 1953

Bio:
 * Rob<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ert A. Millikan was an American experimental physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics for his measurement of the charge on the electron and for his work on the photoelectric effect.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Millikan went to high school in Maquoketa, Iowa. Millikan received a Bachelor's degree in the classics from Oberlin College in 1891 and his doctorate in physics from Columbia University in 1895 – he was the first to earn a Ph.D. from that department.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Millikan's work came at a relative stable time in society. Though his career saw the fighting of two world wars, his research was not severely affected by either. He also had more powerful technology and equipment available to him than previous chemists had.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Discoveries:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Robert Millikan was an American physicist who is most famous for his work calculating the charge of an electron and for its photoelectric effect.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> In 1909, Millikan while serving as a professor at the University of Chicago used an oil drop experiment to measure the charge of a single electron.The oil drop experiment measured the force of tiny droplets of oil against the force of gravity in between two metal electrodes. By measuring the force of many droplets, Millikan was able to show that the charge of a single as 1.592e-19 coulomb.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Millikan would eventually win the Nobel Prize in 1923 for his discovery.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Millikan also worked to disprove Einstein's theory that light could act as a particle which was published in 1905. Although all his research pointed to the fact that Einstein was in fact right, Millikan refused to believe that light could act in other nature other than a wave until when in 1958 he admitted in his book that Einstein was in fact right.

=<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Work Cited For this Page: = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1908/rutherford-bio.html http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/chemistry-in-history/themes/atomic-and-nuclear-structure/rutherford.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1923/millikan-bio.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1922/bohr-bio.html http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95oct/nbohr.html
 * All Images on this page are thanks to Google Images Inc.**