M.Schmidt+reaction+wiki

= = =__Formation Hydrochloric Acid__=

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a monoprotic acid, which means it can dissociate(i.e.,ionize) only once to give up one H+ ion (a single proton). In aqueous hydrochloric acid, the H+ joins a water molecule to form a hydronium ion, H3O+:. Ex. HCl + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + Cl− Hydrochloric acid is used for cleaning properties and usage such like metals and effectively inhibit steel corrosion. Hydrochloric acid is produced in solutions up to 38% HCl (concentrated grade). Higher concentration up to just over 40% are chemically possible, but the evaporation rate is then so high that storage and handling need extra precautions, such as pressure and low temperature. Bulk industrial-grade is therefore 30% to 34%, optimized for effective transport and limited product loss by HCl vapors. Solutions for household purposes, mostly cleaning, are typically 10% to 12%, with strong recommendations to dilute before use. Major producers worldwide include Dow Chemical at 2 million metric tonnes annually (2 Mt/year), calculated as HCl gas, and FMC, Georgia Gulf Corporation, Tosoh Corporation, Akzo Nobel, and Tessenderlo at 0.5 to 1.5 Mt/year each. Total world production, for comparison purposes expressed as HCl, is estimated at 20 Mt/year, with 3 Mt/year from direct synthesis, and the rest as secondary product from organic and similar syntheses. By far, most of all hydrochloric acid is consumed captively by the producer. The open world market size is estimated at 5 Mt/year. Hydrochloric acid is a strong inorganic acid that is used in many industrial processes and in chemical plants as well. The formation hydrochloric acid benefits the world because it helps people dig underground and find gold. Hydrochloric acid is a fundamental chemical, and as such it is used for a large number of small-scale applications, such as leather processing, household cleaning, and building construction. In addition, a way of stimulating oil production is by injecting hydrochloric acid into the rock formation of an oil well, dissolving a portion of the rock, and creating a large-pore structure. Oil-well acidizing is a common process in the North Sea oil production industry. Many chemical reactions involving hydrochloric acid are applied in the production of food, food ingredients, and food additives. Typical products include aspartame, fructose, citric acid, lysine, hydrolyzed (vegetable) protein as food enhancer, and in gelatin production. Food-grade (extra-pure) hydrochloric acid can be applied when needed for the final product. Hydrochloric acid was not just used in food but also was used in war. Phosgene (COCl2) was a common chemical warfare agent used in World War I. The main effect of phosgene results from the dissolution of the gas in the mucous membranes deep in the lung, where it is converted by hydrolysis into carbonic acid and the corrosive hydrochloric acid. The latter disrupts the alveolar-capillary membranes so that the lung becomes filled with fluid (pulmonary edema). Hydrochloric acid is also partly responsible for the harmful or blistering effects of mustard gas. In the presence of water, such as on the moist surface of the eyes or lungs, mustard gas breaks down forming hydrochloric acid.
 * Hydrochloric acid** is the __aqueous solution__ of __hydrogen chloride__ gas (HCI); it is formed by mixing salt with vitriol(Sulfric acid). It is a strong acid, which is the major component of gastric acid, and is of wide industrial use. Hydrochloric acid must be handled with appropriate safety precautions because it is a highly __corrosive acid__. Hydroichloric acid, also known as(aka) __muriatic acid__ was discovered by an alchemist known as __Jabir ibn Hayyan__ around the year 800's; it was a great use in the Middle Ages by alchemists who were in the quest for __philosopher's stone__. It was later used by several European scientists which included Glauber, Priestley, and David in order to help establish modern chemical knowledge. From the Industrial Revolution, it became an important industrial chemical for many applications, including the large-scale production of organic compounds, such as vinyl chloride for PVC plastic, and MDI/TDI for polyurethane, and smaller-scale applications, such as production of gelatin and other ingredients in food, and leather processing.

=Sources:= http://images.google.com/images?q=Hydrochloric+Acid&gbv=2&ndsp=18&hl=en&start=54&sa=N http://www.ask.com/web?q=how+does+hydrochloric+acid+benefits+the+planet&qsrc=0&o=0&l=dir http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/summary.tcl?edf_substance_id=7647-01-0