1915-1950+(gk)

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 * Niels Bohr
 * Born 1885, Died 1962
 * Born in Copenhagen, Denmark
 * Bohr gained recognition for his alternative model of the atom with the nobel prize in 1922. Bohr moved more into the theoretical side of science. With contributions from plancks work he created a new model of the atom, with many additions added by heisenberg in following years. This model is still used today.
 * Bohr grew up in an environment for a young scientist to thrive. His father was a physiologist and his mom had a distinguished background in education. He was married in 1912 and had six sons. Bohr escaped to England and the United States for the final two years of WWII and ended up working on the atomic energy project during the war. He died in his hometown in 1962.
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 * This model is a combination of both Bohr's Planetary model, and Rutherford's ideas
 * It is based on Bohr's model but it is put into 3 dimensions
 * most of the space surrounding the atom was empty
 * This model is designed after our solar system



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 * Werner Heisenberg
 * 1901-1976
 * From Wurzburg, Germany
 * Heisenberg published the theory of quantum mechanics in 1925 and won the nobel prize in physics for it in 1932. he did not believe in typical orbitals where you can know where an electron is at all times. He believed that it is equated by matrices, instead of plain orbitals.
 * Heisenberg grew up in munich and went to the university of munich in 1920 to study physics. He ended up working on theoretical physics under neils bohr in 1926. he published the theory of quantum mechanics in 1925, and won the nobel prize for it in 1932. at the end of the second world war he was taken prisoner by the americans and taken to england but was released at a later date. In 1937 he got married to his wife and they had seven children.


 * Erwin Schrodinger
 * Born 1887, Died 1965
 * From Vienna, Germany
 * Schrodinger is known for his discovery of his wave equation that applies to quantum mechanics. He discovered this equation because he was dissatisfied with Bohrs orbit theory.
 * Schrodinger grew up in Vienna and atteneded the Universiy of Vienna from 1906-1910. He was an artillery officer in the first world war. In 1926 he discovered the wave equation. With Hitlers upcoming rise in Germany in the 1930’s Schrodinger decided it would be better for him to leave to follow his studies and moved to England. After Austria was Annexed in 1938 he was then forced to leave England and go to Italy. After studying in Italy for a few years he went to Dublin until his retirement in 1955.
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 * The electron cloud allows electrons to transition between orbital states
 * Whenever an electron changes orbitals the atoms gives off energy or gains depending on which direction the electron moves
 * If the electron moves away from the nucleus into a higher orbital the electron will gain energy




 * James Chadwick
 * Born 1891, Died 1974
 * From Cheshire, England
 * In 1932 Chadwick proved the existence of Neutrons.
 * Chadwick grew up in Manchester and attended Manchester University in 1908. After World War I chadwick worked with Rutherford in England on the studies of atomic nuclei. In 1932 he discovered the Neutron and won the Nobel Prize in 1935. He got married in 1925 and had twin daughters. He died july 24th, 1974.
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