422-002+R.+Weidner+and+J.+Samuels+Big+Timeline+Project


 * ==Ancient==
 * 1) The Persian Wars.
 * 2) Peloponnesian War
 * 3) Alexander becomes king of Rome.
 * ==500-1800==
 * 1) Napoleon Begins his reign in France.
 * 2) The Byzantine golden age is over.
 * 3) The Crusades to Jerusalem.
 * ==1800-1875==
 * 1) The Louisiana Purchase.
 * 2) The war of 1812 between Great Britain and United States.
 * 3) The civil war between the North and South in the Unites States.
 * ==1875-1900==
 * 1) Olympic games in Athens.
 * 2) U.S.A gains control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines in the Spanish-American War.
 * 3) The Philippine-America War begins.
 * ==1900-1915==
 * 1) Wright brothers have the first human flight.
 * 2) Start of WW1.
 * 3) Mass production of cars.
 * ==1915-1950==
 * 1) World War 1 ends and World War 2 begins.
 * 2) First nuclear weapons.
 * 3) The peak of the KKK.
 * ==1950-current==
 * 1) The Cold War between USA and Russia.
 * 2) First astronauts land on the moon.
 * 3) Terrorists crash two planes into the twin towers, 1 into the pentagon, and 1 in a field thanks to passengers who fought back. **9/11**

=**__ANCIENT__**=

Democritus was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher born at Abdera in Thrace ca. 460 BC - died ca 370 BC. He believed that all matter is made up of various imperishable, indivisible elements which he called atoma, from which we get the English word atom. He believed that everything in the universe was made up of atoms, even figures of ones imagination. He also studied in mathematics and astronomy.

**__[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Thales.jpg width="251" height="320" align="left"]]Thales__**
Thales was an ancient Greek philosopher born in Miletos in 624 BC. He was one of the "Seven Sages of Greece", a title given to a man who was a great philosopher or lawyer. He is widely considered the first Greek Philosopher and is referred to as "the father of science". He was the first to believe that everything in nature was created with one building block. This is close to the modern knowledge of atoms. Unfortunately, he thought it was water, which is obviously incorrect by today's standards. He died in 546 BC.

__Leucippus__
Born in the 5th century B.C. Born in Miletus, Greece. He was a philosopher who believed in atomism, everything is made up of atoms. He was the teacher of Democritus.


 * __500-1800__**

__John Dalton__
John Dalton was an English chemist, meteorologist and physicist born September 6, 1766 and died July 27, 1844. Originally, he began studying about colors, focusing on the fact that he, himself, was colorblind and created observations of differences between color blindness and non-colorblindness. Later, after he began studying atoms, he discovered three main points: Elements are made of atoms, all atoms of a given element are identical, atoms from an element are different from a different element, atoms from one element can combine with atoms from another element to create a compound, and finally, atoms cannot be split, divided, or destroyed in a chemical process. Unfortunatly, his last theory was eventually proven incorrect.

[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ea/Geber.jpg align="left"]]__Geber__
Geber was born in 721 and died in 815. He was considered the father of chemistry. Contributed greatly to modern chemistry by creating new equipment and studies of chemistry.

[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Paracelsus.jpg width="249" height="337" align="left"]]__Paracelsus__
Paracelsus was born in 1493 and died in 1541. Was known for his work with medicines. Worked extensively with toxicology. Believed that everything was poison, it just depended on the amount you used.


 * __1800-1875__**

__[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/M_Faraday_Th_Phillips_oil_1842.jpg width="199" height="224" align="left"]]Michael Faraday__
Michael Faraday was born on Sept. 22, 1791 and died on August 25, 1867. Contributed to electromagnetism and electrochemistry. He discovered electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and electrolysis. He discovered Benzene.

__Marie Curie__
Marie Curie was born on November 7th 1867. She was raised in Poland and eventually received a French Citizenship. She was mostly known for her work with radioactivity. she was the only person to win a Nobel prize in two different sciences. She married her husband Pierre Curie when she met him at the University of Paris. Together they worked in the field of chemistry. She discovered Radium and polonium. She was the first woman professor at the University of Paris. She died on July 4th, 1934.

__**Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen**__
Wilhelm Rontgen was born on March 27th, 1845. He was a German physicist who found electromagnetic radiation in x-rays. He later won a Nobel Prize for his work. He used the Crookes tube to help guide him to his discovery. Two weeks later he used x-rays to take a picture of his wife's hand and saw her skeleton. He died in 1923 from carcinoma of the bowel which is believed to be caused by the exposure to radiation. In 2004 they named an element after him.

__Robert Millikan__
Robert Millikan was born in Morrison, Illinois, on March 22nd, 1868. He won the Nobel Prize in 1923 for discovering the charge of an electron (negative) and later in his life, he studied photoelectric effects. His method was for discovering the charge of an electron consisted of dropping small oil droplets into a chamber with a negatively charged bottom. He found that electrons particles would float and not fall onto the negative plate because opposite charges repel. He died on December 19th, 1953.

__Ernest Rutherford__
Ernest Rutherford was born on August 30th 1871 also known as Lord Rutherfor. He was referred to as the father of nuclear physics. after doing his infamous gold foil experiemnt he came up with the idea of the orbital atom. While working at Mcgill University he was awarded the 1908 chemistry nobel prize. His work helped create the first nuclear weapons ever. He died on October 19th, 1937. A famous quote by him is "In science there is only physics; all the rest is stamp collecting."



[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Jj-thomson2.jpg width="226" height="261" align="left"]]__J.J. Thomson__
J.J. Thomson was born on December 18th, 1856. He was a very productive chemist. He discovered electrons and isotopes. He proposed an atom model called the plum pudding model. H believed negative electrons were swimming in a positive area. He later won the Nobel prize in physics. He died on August 30th, 1940.

=__**1975-1900**__=

[[image:180px-Niels_Bohr.jpg align="left"]]**__Neils Bohr__**
Neils Bohr was a Danish physicist who was born in October 7, 1885 and died in November 18, 1962. He helped contribute to quantum mechanics and atomic chemistry which eventually lead to him winning the nobel prize in 1922. He created his own model of the atom (Bohr's Model, as seen below), discovered the electron's orbit around an atom's nucleus, the theory that electrons can drop energy levels and create light, and figured out that some materials have condradicting properties.



[[image:http://wwwlapp.in2p3.fr/neutrinos/neutimg/nacteurs/chadwick.jpg width="236" height="321" align="left"]]__James Chadwick__
James Chadwick was an English physicist who was born in October 20 1891 and died in July 24 1974. He made real contributions to the chemistry world by discovering the neutron.

Henri Becquerel
Henri Becquerel was born in December 15th, 1852. He was mostly known for the discovery of radioactivity. He was the chief engineer at the Department of Bridges and Highways. Accidently he discovered radioactivity while studying phosphoresence in uranium salts. He died in 1908.

=__**1900-1915**__=



__Erwin Schrodinger__
Erwin Shrodinger was born on August 12th, 1887. In 1933 he won a Nobel prize for the Schrodinger equation. He was a physicist and worked extensively with quantum mechanics. He was good friends with Albert Einstein and lived in Germany for a while. He didn'y like the Nazis so he left. On January 4th, 1961 he died of tuberculosis.

[[image:250px-180px-Werner_Heisenberg.jpg align="left"]]__Werner Heisenberg__
Werner Heisenberg was born on December 5th, 1901. He was a German physicist who studied in quantum physics and won the Nobel Prize in 1932 "//**for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"**// He met Neils Bohr in 1922 and the two scientists became lifelong buddies! Once the Nazi regime took power, he was known as a "White Jew" by citing the research of fellow physicist Albert Einstein. Einstein was a Jew and therefore, his teachings were heresy. In 1938, Nuclear Fission was discovered and the atom bomb was at hand for the Nazis and Heisenberg. For some unknown reason, he never went through with completing the atom bomb. Some people think it was because of moral issues. He died on February 1st, 1976 in Munich, Germany.

=**__Glenn T. Seaborg__**= Glenn Theodore Seaborg was a chemist born in 1912 who discovered 10 elements, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium and Element 106, which was named seaborgium after him. He also discovered over 100 isotopes. He was also a pioneer in nuclear medicine, a study that used nuclear isotopes to cure certain diseases. He died in 1999.

=__**1915-1950**__=

**__[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Viktor-grignard.jpg align="left"]]Victor Grignard__**
Victor Gringnard was born May 6th, 1971. He was the chemist who discovered a way to easily detect Mustard Gas without actually breathing it in. He also discovered a new way to create "carbon-carbon bonds" in "organic synthesis". He died on December 13th, 1931.

**__[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/45/GN_Lewis_large.jpg width="236" height="239" align="left"]]Gilbert N. Lewis__**
Gilbert Newton Lewis was a chemist born on October 23rd, 1875. He discovered "heavy water", a substance used in World War 2 to be used in the aid of atom bombs. He also created his own version of the atom, called a "cube atom" where the electrons were used as corners of the cube (representing an atom). He coined the name "photon" as the smalled unit of light energy. He also wrote a few papers on the theory of relativity although they were different from the most popular Einstein's theory. He died on March 23rd, 1943.

**__[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a1/Beerse_Statue_Paul_Janssen_070225.JPG width="253" height="336" align="left"]]Paul Janssen__**
Paul Adriaan Jan Janssen was Belgian chemist and pharmacist. He was born on September 12th, 1926. He created "Janssen Pharmaceutica", a Belgian pharmaceutical company. He discovered over 80 new medical compounds. Five of these are on a list of "essential medicines", proving that his research has benefited the chemistry and medical fields as well as human kind. He died on November 11th, 2003.

__Bibliography__
[|Wikipedia]