422-002+chapter+summaries

Chapter 1.1-1.3 Summaries

1.1-Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the process that matter undergoes, and the changes that accompany these processes. We learn this in section 1.1 as well as learn about the branches of chemistry, basic research, applied research, and technological development. The six main branches of chemistry are organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, biochemistry, and theoretical chemistry. In all of these branches, scientists use basic research to increase knowledge, and applied research to solve problems. Technological development is producing things to improve daily life. Scientists often apply all 3 of these to experiments which lead to new discoveries.

1.2- This section is about the difference between the physical and chemical properties of matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. The section talks about the building blocks of matter, which are atoms, compounds, and elements. Extensive properties of matter depend on the amount of matter thgere is, intensive properties do not. There are four phases of matter are solid, liquid, gas and plasma. A chemical property relates to a substance's ability to undergo these changes, while a physical property relates to a substance that has not changed. A mixture is a blend of 2 or more kinds of matter, and a pure substance has a fixed composition. Two kinds of mixtures are homogeneous and heterogeneous.

1.3- This section talks about elements and the types of elements there are. Each element in the periodic table has its own unique symbol. The properties of each element vary across the rows, or periods of the Periodic Table. The elements are split up into groups called metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and noble gases. Metals are very shiny elements, and tend to be good conductors. Nonmetals are very brittle, and are poor conductors. Metalloids are in the middle of having properties between metals and nonmetals. They are usually semiconductors of electricity. As for the noble gases, they are generally unreactive.