Fall.2008.MMA.LeClerc.Timeline

LeClerc and Cassidy Wiki TimeLine

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Born- ca 460 BC Died- ca 370 BC**
 * __Democritus__
 * Democritus of Abdera is best known for his atomic theory. Very little is known of his life but we know that Leucippus was his teacher. Even though little is known of his life, a lot is known for his physics and philosophy. Aristotle discusses Democritus's ideas thoroughly because he strongly disagreed with his ideas of atomism. In contrast to Aristotle, Epicurus is a strong believer in Democritus's atomic theory. This work of Epicurus is preserved by Diogenes Laertius in his second century AD book.**



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Died- 322 BC
 * __Aristotle__**
 * Born- 384 BC

Aristotle was born in 384 BCE. at Stagirus, a Greek colony and seaport on the coast of Thrace. Aristotles father Nichomachus was court physician to King Amyntas of Macedonia, and from this began Aristotle's long association with the Macedonian Court, which considerably influenced his life. While he was still a boy his father died. At age 17 his guardian, Proxenus, sent him to Athens to finish his education. Aristotle beleived that their was only five elements:**
 * **Fire, hot and dry.**
 * **Earth, cold and dry.**
 * **Air, hot and wet.**
 * **Water, cold and wet.**
 * **Aether, the divine substance that makes up the heavenly spheres and heavenly bodies (stars and planets).**



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Died- ca 370 BC
 * __Hippocrates__**
 * Born- ca 460 BC

Hippocrates was a Greek physician born in 460 BC on the island of Cos, Greece. He is known for being the founder of medicine and was regarded as the greatest physician of his time. Hippocrates held the belief that the body must be treated as a whole and not just a series of parts. He accurately described disease symptoms and was the first physician to describe the symptoms of pneumonia, and epilepsy in children. Aristotle was the first physician that held the belief that thoughts, ideas, and feelings come from the brain and not the heart as others of him time believed. - Josephine Delvey**

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Died-547 BC
 * __Thales__**
 * Born-624 BC

Thales of Miletus was the first known Greek philosopher, scientist and mathematician. He is credited with five theorems of elementary geometry.** **He is believed to have been the teacher of Anaximander (611 BC - 545 BC) and he was the first natural philosopher in the Milesian School. None of his writings remain so it is quite difficult to see his views and discoveries. Indeed it is unclear whether he wrote any works at all and if he did they were certainly lost by the time of Aristotle who did not have access to any of his writings. On the other hand there are claims that he wrote a book on navigation but these are based on little evidence. In the book on navigation it is suggested that he used the constellation Ursa Minor, which is as an important feature in his navigation techniques. Even if the book is fictitious, it is quite probable that Thales did indeed define the constellation Ursa Minor**.



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Died-March 31,1727**
 * __Isaac Newton__**
 * Born-January 4,1643


 * Isaac Newton was born in the manor house of Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire. Isaac Newton came from a family of farmers but never knew his father, also named Isaac Newton, who died three months before his son was born. Issac Newtons father was very wealthy when Isaac Newton himself was completly uneducated. Newtons first law of motion is an object at rest tends to stay at rest and that an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by a outside force. The second law is the net force on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. The third law is that for every action their is a equal and opposite reaction.

**

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Died-May 8,1794**
 * __Antoine Lavoisier__**
 * Born-August 26,1743


 * Born to a wealthy family in Paris wich was very fortunate for Antoine Lavoisier because when his mother passed away he got alot of money. He attended the** **College Mazarian** **from 1754 to 1761, studying** **chemistry****,** **astronomy****, and** **mathematics****. He stated the first version of the** **law of conservation of mass** **and named** **oxygen** **in 1778 and** **hydrogen** **in 1783. Lovoisier introduced the** **metric system****, a decimalised system of measurment. He also wrote the first** **list of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature.Joseph Black left home (Bordeaux, France) at the age 12 to stidy Latin and Greek. He studied medicine at Glasgow University.**

Born April 16,1798 Died December 6,1799**
 * __Joseph Black__


 * Joseph Black showed that when magnesia alba is heated it gave off H20 and fixed air (CO2). The remains, calcined magnesia (MgO), was lighter and also more alkaline. Black also noticed that Limestone did the same. Joseph Black established that a gas could combine with a solid wich was belived to be imposible. Black was is most known for his discoveries of Latent heat and Specific heat which is important if you want to become a marine engineer.**



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Jj-thomson3.jpg


 * __John “J.J.” Thomson__**
 * (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940)**


 * He was a British physicist and Nobel laureate, Thomson discovered the Electron and of Isotopes. For his discovery of an electron he was awarded a Noble Prize in physics in 1904. Thomson did a series of experiments with cathode rays and cathode ray tubes. He knew under a negatively charged feild the electric current would be bent from its normal pathway. This experiment is what he based his theory of electrons and subatomic particles on.**


 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Plum_pudding_atom.svg/180px-Plum_pudding_atom.svg.png]]

With his work he figured that the shape of an atom was something like plumb pudding. Even though the discovery of a nucleus had not been founded yet he thought that the electrons were free floating a type of positively charged jelly. Thus his model was named the plumb pudding diagram.**

1800-1875



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dalton_John_desk.jpg


 * __John Dalton__**

Died–27 July 1844**
 * Born-6 September 1766


 * He was an English chemist, meteorologist and physicist. John Dalton is best known for his work in atomic theory. He concluded there were 5 key points to the theory.**


 * Five main points of Dalton's Atomic Theory**


 * Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms.**
 * All atoms of a given element are identical.**
 * The atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element; the atoms of different elements can be distinguished from one another by their respective relative weights.**
 * Atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form chemical compounds; a given compound always has the same relative numbers of types of atoms**.
 * Atoms cannot be created, divided into smaller particles, nor destroyed in the chemical process; a chemical reaction simply changes the way atoms are grouped together.**




 * __Sir William Crookes__**

Died-4 April 1919**
 * Born-17 June 1832
 * The cathode rays had the following properties: travel in straight lines from the cathode; cause glass to fluoresce; impart a negative charge to objects they strike; are deflected by electric fields and magnets to suggest a negative charge; cause pinwheels in their path to spin indicating they have mass.**

1875-1900



Died-10 February 1923**
 * __Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen__**
 * Born-27 March 1845


 * He was a German physicist, he is known for producing and detected electromagnetic radiation wavelength also known as x-rays or Röntgen rays, this earned him a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. In his experiment he shot different wave lengths into a white film. His saw after it developed was a picture of the bone in his hand because the bone was more dense thus showing up on the film.**

1900-1915




 * __Antoine Henri Becquerel__**

Died-25 August 1908**
 * Born-15 December 1852


 * He was a French physicist, his work along with Curie gained him a Noble Prize in 1903 for the discovery of Radioactivity. After extracting the radioactivity element from the soil samples. The smallest quantity of radioactivity  that was a legitimate amount was put into testing the powers it posses.**




 * __Marie Curie__**



Died-4 July 1934**
 * Born-7 November 1867

Her theory in radioactivity, she found ways to take out the radioactive elements of isotopes , plus the discovery of two new elements, radium and polonium. For the first time as well radioactive isotopes were used for a medical stand point to treatment of cancer.**
 * She was a physicist and chemist. She is the only person to every win two noble prizes in two different sciences. Her claim to fame came way of radioactivity.





1915-1950

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Niels_Bohr.jpg


 * __Niels Henrik David Bohr__**

Died-18 November 1962**
 * Born-7 October 1885


 * Bohr was major contributing factor to what chemistry is today. His help on the developing structure of an atom is what we know today. So in 1922 he revieved a noble prize for his work of an atom. He was also part of the team of physicists working on the Manhattan Project.**

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bohr-atom-PAR.svg
 * With his major work in atomic theory, he created the Bohr model. In this model it shows the atom with a small positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in a specific orbits around the nucleus. But this time the atoms were being held by electromagnetic forces rather than gravity.**




 * __Ernest Rutherford__**

Died-19 October 1937**
 * Born-30 August 1871


 * He was a New Zealand physicist (aka father of nuclear physics). He was the first physicist to introduce the orbital theory of the atom with his discovery. Rutherford displacement of a nucleus off the gold foil proved that an atom had mass.So this would change the outlook of the atomic model for ever. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908.**




 * In the gold foil experiment he shot positively charged alpha charges particles into a thin sheet of gold expecting the atoms to go right through but what actually was some bounced of in different direction. This was strange to see, this meant the atoms had a small mass. A small dense center of an atom thus had mass it was called a nucleus.**




 * With the discovery of a nucleus the model of an atom change a little. Every contribution from each scientist shaped the atomic model. This diagram is of the orbiting of electrons around the small dense core called the nucleus. The electrons would orbit the center in a way of the solar system.**


 * __Robert Millikan__**

Died-December 19, 1953**
 * Born-March 22, 1868


 * He is most famous for the oil drop experiment in which he measured the charge of an electron . He let and oil drop fall from the top of a barrel that was in a vacuum. Then he let the drops of oil fall and as they fell he would charge plates at bottom of the barrel. Then he would observe that sometimes the electrons would float above the bottom. This was due the fact that they had opposite charges and equal charges,using this theory he accurately came up with the measurement of 1.602 x 10^-19 coulomb.**



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Chadwick.jpg


 * __Sir James Chadwick__**

Died-24 July 1974**
 * Born-20 October 1891


 * He was an English physicist and Nobel winner in physics awarded for his discovery of the neutron.The neutron is a subatomic particle with no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. The number of protons in a nucleus is the atomic number and defines the type of element the atom forms.**




 * __Erwin Schrödinger__**

Died-4 January 1961**
 * Born-12 August 1887

**He was an Austrian theoretical physicist. Erwin studied the field of quantum mechanics.He developed the Schrodinger equation for that he received the Nobel Prize in 1933. The equation relates to time and energy of an hydrogen atoms.**