1801-1875+LG

__**John Dalton**__

John Dalton was born in Cumberland around September of 1766. He started working at the age of 12 as a public speaker and teacher in his home town. After spending almost a decade teacher at Kendal, the Quaker boarding school in his town, he moved to become a teacher in Manchester. There he became a member of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. With this group he published his first written piece of work associated with a aliment of he suffered himself, color blindness.

Originally, Dalton did not start out in the field of chemistry but in meteorology. He kept records of daily meteorological events from 1787 until his death. It was his interest in meteorology and the air around us that led him to start to believe that like the atmosphere around us, atoms also differ in weight and complexity. From this he started crudely calculating the weight and composition of compounds. He published his findings in //New System of Chemical Philosophy.//


 * __Michael Faraday__**



Faraday was born in 1791 into a very poor and very religouse family in Paris, France. He worked as an apprentice in a book binding shop where one day he was binding a section of the //Encyclopedia Britannica,// this section was the newly added section of electricity. He became very interested on the topic and started regularly attending speeches given by the cities Philosophical Society. Eventually one of the customers to the bookbinding shop gave him tickets to see Sir Humphry Davy at the Royal Institution. After attending the presentation and taking notes at the many presentations he atteneded thereafter, he made it his goal to become a scientist in the field of electro-chemistry. Through hard and diligent work, he eventually was appoited the postion Fullerian Proffesership of Chemistry at the Royal Insitute.

Farady was on the cutting edge in his field of chemistry. Mainly because he was on the only one doing work in it or at least making advancements in the field of electrochemistry. Farady was the first person to make an electric motor he called elecrtomagnetic rotation. He also pioneered the area of electromagnetic induction and electrolysis.

In 1831, his discovery of electromagnetic induction was a huge breakthrough. Though he did not know it then, he discovered what we now know today as alternating current. He achieved this by using a loop of wire and rotating a horseshoe shaped magnet around the house of the loop. He had acheieved creating eletrical enegery from mechanical and magnetic energy.


 * __Dimitri Mendeleev__**



Mendeleev was born on February 8, 1843 in a small village near Tobolsk, Siberia. After the death of his father and the destruction of his mothers factory due to a fire, the newly poor family relocated to St. Petersburg. In 1850, he enrolled in the Main Pedagogical Institute. In August of 1861 he wrote his first book after his studies on the capaliarities of liquids and the workings of the spectrascope. He kept making advancements while working at St Petersburg State Univeristy and St. Peteresburg Insititute of Technology, becomings a professor of chemistry in 1863. In 1865 he became Doctor of Chemistry for his extensive paper on //The Combination of Water and Alcohol.// He is someitmes acredited with single handedly establishing St. Petersburg as one of the centers for the cutting edge of chemisty advancements.

Dimitrie Medeleev worked closesly with his asscociate Julias Meyer (see bio below) in advancing the ogranization and grouping of the then known, and unknown elements we know now as the periodic table. For years chemists had been plagued with the concpet of how to arrange the known elements into a table of some sort. Many thought to arrange it by atomic number but the problem lie in how to accurately figure out what the atomic number of an element was due to different meathods that produced different numbers. Meyer and Medeleev were the first to gather all of the information from other scientists of the then known 28 elements and even the unknown elements. They took the elements and arranged them into 6 families based on similar properties and also there electrons based on there valance shell or outer shell of electrons. Even more profound though was they left blanks and spaces for elements that had yet to be discovered pictured below.


 * __Julias Meyer

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Meyer was born in Varel, Germany on August 19th, 1830 and passed away April 11th, 1895. Meyer was born into the field of scienece as he came from a very strong science orientated family as his father was a medical doctor. At first he pursued a medical degree but soon was attracted to the science of chemistry. In 1822 he recieved, as did Medeleev, the Davy Medal in recognition of his achievements in Periodic Law.

Meyer was also a heavy contributer to the success of Medeleev in aragning the periodic table although credit is usually given to Medeleev. Also, he was a major contributer to the concept of the arrangement of carbon in Benzene.