Fall.2008.MMA.Whearty.Taylor.Timeline



1875-1900

//**__Henri Becquere__**//
this site is retarded!! lol :p
 * __Born__: December 15, 1852
 * __Country of Origin__: Paris, France
 * __Year Of Discovery__: 1896

__Born-__ November 7, 1867 __Country of Birth-__ Warsaw __Date of Discovery-__ 1896 __//**Wilhelm C Roentgen**//__
 * < Antoine Henri Becquerel grew up in a family of scientists. His father, Alexander Edmond Becquerel was a professor of applied physics. Alexander also studied radiation, phosphorescence. Antoine’s grandfather, Antoine Cesar, was a member of the Royal society. While Henri was working on plane polarization of light, he discovered electrolytic method of extracting metals from their ores. In 1872, he entered polytechnics; in 1874, he entered the government group called Ponts-et-chaussees. In 1878, he had a son, Jean B., with his wife, Mile Janin. His son was a fourth generation physicist. In 1887, Henri became eingenieur; 1888, he received his dovteur-es-sciences. He continued his career as a professor of applied physics. In 1903, he received the Nobel Prize. He then passed away August 25, 1908 . ||
 * < Henri discovered a method of extracting metals from their ores, while he was studying the plane polarization of light. He was investigating in the connection of X-rays, and phosphorescence. He used a supply of uranium salts, which he inherited from his father, to see phosphorescence with the exposure to light. He discovered that when the salts were placed near photographic plates, they became fogged. This was discovered to be the property of the uranium atom. He showed that the rays from the uranium caused gasses to ionize. This was a discovery of spontaneous radioactivity. ||
 * http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/becquerel-bio.html ||
 * //__Ernest Rutherford__//**
 * __Born-__ August 30, 1871
 * __Country of Birth-__ Nelson, New Zealand
 * __Year of Discovery-__ 1898
 * Ernest Rutherford was the fourth child in a family of twelve. His father James was a Scottish wheelwright, and his mother, Nee Thompson, was an English schoolteacher. Ernest went to Government schools when he was only 16, then went on to Nelson Collegiate school. He then went on to the University of New Zealand, Wellington, which he graduated in 1893 with a first in Math and a second in Physical sciences. In 1907 he went back to England and became a Professor of Physics at the University of Manchester. While he was in New Zealand, he studied the magnetic properties of Iron. He was awarded the Rumford Metal in 1903, and was president of the Royal Society from 1925-1930. Rutherford married, Mary Newton in 1900, and had a single child, Eileen. Rutherford passed away on October 19, 1937, in Cambridge . ||
 * Rutherford designed experiments with high frequency alternating currents. He published many papers about his work, like //Transactions of the New Zealand Institute//. While working with Professor Thompson, he invented a detector for electromagnetic waves. This was a magnetizing coil with many little bundles of magnetized iron wire. In 1898, he made his discovery of alpha rays and beta rays in Uranium radiation. He then published books on radioactivity, and transformations of radioactivity. ||
 * http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1908/rutherford-bio.html ||
 * //__Marie Curry__//**
 * Marie Currie grew up like most people in a general education school. Her mother was a secondary-school teacher, and her father helped her study sciences. She lived in the part of Poland where Russia dominated. She soon moved to Paris to continue study, to obtain a Licentiateship in Physics and Mathematical Sciences. In 1903 she received her Doctor of Science degree, and became a professor of General Physics, as well as Director of the Curie Laboratory at the Radium Institute of University of Paris. She had to spend most of her life teaching, in order to get by. She spent the rest of her time studying the therapeutic properties of radioactive residues. She was given $50,000 from the U.S. for radium. She received many awards, honorary degrees and memberships for her work, including the Nobel Prize in 1903. After a short illness, she passed away on July 4, 1934 in Savory France. ||
 * Marie’s conditions for her work were very poor. Most of her work took place during WW1. She came up with methods of separating radium from radioactive residues, in quantities big enough to allow characterizations. She pushed the idea to use radium to alleviate suffering in WW1. She worked to make a radioactivity lab for her home town, when finally in 1929 President Hoover donated $50,000 in radium. ||
 * http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-bio.html ||

__Born-__ March 27, 1845 __Country of Birth-__ Rhenish Prussia __Year Of Discovery-__ 1895


 * Wilhelm was raised as an only child in the Netherlands by his parents, whose occupations were a merchant and a manufacturer of cloths. He attended a private school in Apeldoorn for early education. He was expelled from the Utrecht Technical School, for not saying who drew an inappropriate picture of a school teacher. Later, in 1874, he became a lecturer at Strasbourg University. 1875-1900, he had many jobs at multiple Universities teaching physics, and holding chair positions. In 1895, he discovered the X-ray while working on the external effects of various types of vacuum tube equipment. The first picture that he took with his X-ray was of his wife’s hand. In 1901, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics. February 10, 1923, Rontgen passed away from carcinoma, and was nearly bankrupt at the time. ||
 * In 1895, Rontgen was studying the external effects of different types of vacuum tubes when electrical discharges go through them. After experimenting with one of the tubes, he developed his own idea of using black cardboard and covering the Hittorf-Crookes tube, and attaching electrodes to generate an electrostatic charge. He then experimented with this idea, and came up with the X-ray. He called it the X-ray as a temporary name, X standing for the unknown. After his first development of the x-ray, he took an X-ray of his wife’s hand. Later he discovered materials such as lead that can stop the rays. ||
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen ||

__Born-__ December 18, 1856 __Country of Birth-__ Manchester __Year of Discovery-__ 1907
 * //__J.J. Thompson__//**
 * Joseph John Thompson was born in the suburbs of Manchester, and went to Owens College in 1870. In 1876, he went to Trinity College, as a minor scholar, to become a Fellow of Trinity College in 1880. 1883, he became a lecturer, until 1918, when he became a master. His early interests were in the atomic structure, which he wrote about, and won him the Adams prize. In 1896 he came to the U.S. where he gave lectures on the current researches at Princeton. He published his lectures as //Discharge of Electricity through Gases//, in 1897. In 1904, he taught 6 different lectures on Electricity and matter at Yale. He married Rose Elisabeth in 1890, and they had a son, currently known as Sir George Paget Thompson. J.J. Thompson passed away on August 30, 1940. ||
 * J.J. Thompson taught many lectures in the field of electricity and matter. Along with all of his lectures, he wrote many books. One book that he co-operated with Professor J.H. Treatise, is called properties of matter. In his lectures, he shared ideas of the structure of atoms. He discovered a method using positive rays to separate atoms and molecules. This discovery lead other scientists to the discovery of many different isotopes. He received the order of merit, and many other awards, until he passed away. ||
 * http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1906/thomson-bio.html ||

1900-1915
 * //__Niels Bohr__//**

__Born-__ October 7,1885 __Country of Birth-__ Copenhagen __Year Of Discovery-__ 1908
 * Niels Hendrik David Bohr grew up in an atmosphere to become very smart. His father, Christian Bohr was a Professor of Physiology at Copenhagen University, while his mother, Ellen Nee Adler came from a family of educators. Bohr took an early interest in physics, because of his father. He went to many different schools, and got his Doctor’s Degree in 1911. Most of his work was carried out in his father’s lab. After receiving his Doctor’s, he went to Cambridge to work under J.J. Thompson, while still experimenting with his own studies. In 1916, he became professor of Theoretical Physics At Copenhagen University. Bohr left Sweden during WWII to go to England and America, where he stated working with the Atomic Energy Project. Bohr became married in 1912 to Margrethe Norlund. They had 6 sons, 2 of which passed away. The other sons went on to different careers. Bohr later passed away in Copenhagen on November 18,1962. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 80%;">Bohr’s studies were with J.J. Thompson even though he still did his own experiments at home. One thing that he did was help clarify any problems that people had in quantum physics. During the years 1933-1962, he wrote a book called. During 1936. His main discovery was that a drop of a certain liquid could expose a bare atom to show its nucleus. ||
 * http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1922/bohr-bio.html ||


 * //__Robert A. Millikan__//**



__Born-__ March 22, 1868 __Country of Birth-__ U.S.A. __Year of Discovery-__ 1910


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 80%;">Robert Andrews Millikan was the second of two sons of Reverend Silas Franklin Millikan and Mary Jane Andrews. During his childhood he lived in a rural area attending Maquoketa High School, in Iowa. He worked as a court reporter until he went to Oberlin College, in Ohio in 1886. He received his Ph. D. in 1895, at Columbia University. After spending a year in Germany, at the University of Berlin, he came back to become a professor at the University of Chicago, in 1910, until 1921. He made many discoveries in the field of electricity, optics, and molecular physics. Millikan was also an Author, contributing to many scientific journals. Aside from sciences, Millikan enjoyed tennis and golf. He married Greta Erwin, in 1902, and had 3 sons. He later passed away on December 19, 1953, in San Marino CA. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 80%;">Most of Millikan’s discoveries were in the fields of electricity, optics and molecular physics. He studied the charge of an electron for a long time and came up with the “falling drop method.” In 1910, he proved this method was a constant for all electrons. This then demonstrated the atomic structure of electricity. He also proved Einstein’s photoelectric equation. Along with all of his discoveries, he also wrote about them in many of his books and journals that he published. ||
 * http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1923/millikan-bio.html ||

1915-1950


 * //__Werner Heisenberg__//**

__Born-__ December 5, 1901 __Country of Birth-__ Wurzburg __Year of Discovery-__ 1925


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 80%;">Ph.D in 1923at that same college. In 1926, he became a lecturer under Niels Bohr at the University of Copenhagen. By 1958, he became professor of Physics at the University of Munich. He is famous for his theory of Quantum Mechanics. Aside from sciences, Heisenberg enjoys classical music, and plays the piano. In 1937 he married Elisabeth Schumacher, and had seven children, and stayed in Munich. He later passed away on February 1, 1976. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 80%;">Werner Heisenberg is associated with his theories in quantum mechanics. Which he published a book in 1925, when he was just 23 years old. Later he came up with a new theory that we cannot assign to an electron in a position in space at a given time. Also he said that mechanical quantities should be represented as abstract mathematical structures called matrices. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 80%; line-height: 115%;">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1932/heisenberg-bio.html ||


 * //__James Chadwick__//**

__Born-__ October 20, 1891 __Country of Birth-__ England __Year of Discovery-__ 1932


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 80%;">Son of John Joseph Chadwick, and Anne Mary Knowles. He went to Manchester high school, to Manchester University, in 1908. He moved to berlin to work in Physikalisch Technische Reichsanstalt, at Charlottenburg. He moved back to England after the war in 1919, and started working under Rutherford. He made studies of properties of structure and atom nuclei. He wrote many papers and was co-author of the book, __Radiations from Radioactive Substances__ 1930. He received many medals and honorary awards in physics. He was married in 1925 to Aileen Stewart-Brown, and had twin daughters. He passed away on July 24, 1974. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 90%;">James Chadwick discovered the existence of Neutrons, they are particles with no electrical charge. This in turn lead to splitting of the Nuclei. Later he worked towards the fission of Uranium 235, and towards the Atom Bomb. He received the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society, in 1932 for this discovery. ||
 * http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1935/chadwick-bio.html ||


 * //__Erwin Schrodinger__//**

__Born-__ August 12, 1887 __Country of Birth-__ Vienna __Year of Discovery-__ 1935


 * http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/schrodinger-bio.html ||
 * http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/schrodinger-bio.html ||
 * http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/schrodinger-bio.html ||