Fall.2010.MMA.Hanley.Hallowell.atomictimeline

= = = = =__**Some people who use this drug fell like urinating typically. Blood and protein levels in urine might conjointly rise. Some male patients could also feel pain in the testis. Increased levels of creatinine and glucose might also be spotted in blood tests. Alternative Prilosec aspect effects are coughing, skin irritation, hemostasis and high blood sugar levels. [|side effects prilosec]Ancient Times**__=

Leucippus


Leucippus was the first person to come up with the philosophy that all things were made up of two elements which he called "Solid" and "Void". Based on this assumption he assumed that both went on forever and were infinite. Leucippus' work was followed up by Democritus and he is often called to co-founder to Democritus' work.

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Empedocles 450BC Empedocles was a philosopher from Scicly that proposed the theory that all things were made up of different proportions of 4 unique elements, earth, fire, wind, and water. This theory was a commonly accepted theory up until the 17th century when studies in chemistry became more apparent to the populace.



Greek philosopher born in the 5th century and proposed that all things were made up of atoms. He also proposed a very basic idea about the conservation of matter, stating that things cannot change because then things would be going from 'not being' to 'being'. He also stated that things seemed to change because atoms were constantly changing form into 'temporary configurations'.
 * //Democritus of Abdera//**: 460- 371 BCE?

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__**1700-1800**__
Proust was very detrimental in the field of chemistry and came up with the Proust law. This was also known as the law of definite proportions Proust also did many different studies in nutritional chemistry and metallurgy. []
 * Joseph-Louis Proust: 1754-1856**

Lavoisier was a french chemist that demonstrated that the "air" responsible for combustion was also the source of things acidic. He also discovered that when hydrogen was combined with oxygen it produced a dew that he described as water. Lavoisier also created the method of naming many compounds such assulfuric acid, sulfates, and sulfites.
 * Antoine Lavoisier: 1743-1794**

Priestly was a very important chemist of the 18th century as he was the discoverer of oxygen. He also wrote a book about electricity with the aid of Benjamin Franklin. Priestly's discovery of oxygen and his ability to separate it from conventional air paved the way for Lavoisier. []
 * Joseph Priestly: 1733-1804**

__1800-1875__

 * John Dalton: 1766-1844**

Dalton was orginally a meteorologist who switched to chemisrty Dalton was detrimental to chemistry in developing the atomic theory which set the ground rules that many other ideas in chemistry were based on later. His theory stated (1) all matter was composed of small indivisible particles termed atoms, (2) atoms of a given element possess unique characteristics and weight, and (3) three types of atoms exist: simple (elements), compound (simple molecules), and complex (complex molecules). []

Rontgen's Chief discovery was his discovery of X-rays. He discovered these by studying the phenomena accompanying the passage of an electric current through a gas of extremely low pressure. Although this had been done many times before him, he was the first to notice the side effects of the the X-rays while working in a dark envirnoment. []
 * Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen:1845-1923**

Much of Becquerel's early work in chemistry is overshadowed by his discovery of the phenomenon of natural radioactivity. He inherited uranium salts from his father and showed that the rays emitted by uranium, caused gases to ionize and that they differed from X-rays in that they could be deflected by electric or magnetic fields. []
 * Henri Becquerel: 1852-1908**

__1875-1900__
One of Marie Curies most important discoveries was that of polonium and radium which she discovered with the help of her husband. Curie and her husband were inspired by the discovery of radioactivity in 1896. Curie promoted the use of radium and other radioactive substances to cure illnesses in world war I.(not the brightest idea but neither is carrying radium around in your pocket...)
 * Marie Curie**: **1867-1934**

[|http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-bio.html]

Robert Millikan was known throughout the scientific networks for his work and research on the polarization of light emitted by incandescent surfaces. Through his experimentation with an oil drop system he discovered the charge of an electron making ground breaking developments in physics and chemistry alike. []
 * Robert A. Millikan: 1868-1953**

Rutherford's early works revolved around experimentation with magnetism and he gathered much fame in the scientific community. despite his advances in this field he is known mostly for his work with alpha rays. Through his studies of radiation and thorium he discovered a new noble gas being and isotope of radon.
 * Ernest Rutherford:1871-1937**

__1900-1915__

 * JJ Thompson: 1856-1940**

JJ Thompson was awarded a nobel prize in 1906 and knighted in 1908. Thompson did many studies with electricity and magnetism which resulted in many interesting lectures that he gave in America.Thompson recieved many other awards due to his discovery of an electron through the study of cathode rays. []

In 1913 Bohr published a theory of the structure of the atom based on the work of Rutherford. Bohr suggested that the electrons in orbit around the nucleus of an atom moved in set orbits of succesively increasing sizes.Bohr also stated that the outer most orbits of and atom could hold more electrons than those of the inner ones and also determined the chemical properities of the atom. []
 * Niels Bohr: 1885-1962**


 * Erwin Schrodinger:1887-1961**

Schrodinger was a very intelligent physicist that participated greatly in the field of quantum mechanics. He discovered that if frequencies and wavelengths were entered into a general wave equations that it yielded energy and momentum in terms of a wave function. []

__1915-1950__
Heisenberg is known for his theory of quantum mechanics, published in 1925, when he was only 23 years old. For this theory and the applications of it which resulted in the discovery of allotropic forms of hydrogen, Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1932. He later developed a new theory resulting in the creation of Matrices of an electron's orbit in an atom.
 * Werner Heisenberg: 1901-1976**

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While working under Ernest Rutherford, Chadwick proved the existence of neutrons, the the fundamental building block of atoms. After being awarded the Nobel prize in 1935, Chadwick began experimenting with neutrons on metals. Through these experiments he discovered nuclear fission when he bombarded uranium with neutrons.this lead to the development of nuclear weapons.
 * James Chadwick: 1891-1974**

Herzberg was a german chemist who recieved a Nobel Prize in 1971 for his ideas on atomic and molecular spectroscopy in determining thestructures of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. He also perform chemical analysis on astronomical objects furthering research in the understanding of space.
 * Gerhard Herzberg: 1904-1999**

Electron cloud model
[] This model of an atom was based of Bohr's idea of an atom but taken in a different direction. This model developed by Schrodinger and showed the likely areas that an electron could be based off an equation that he made. This model can describe where and electron ought to be but can not accurately tell where an electron really is.

Plum Pudding Model
[] Earnest Rutherford created this model, explaining that the electrons were free floating in a "pudding like" matter. The matter represented the nucleus with a positive charge and the electrons were the plums free floating in the pudding. This changed the way people pictured the atom looked like. Previously, people thought the atom was a solid spherical object with the protons,electrons, and neutrons fitting together in a "cluster like" form.

Rutherford-Bohr Model
[] This model came into existence through the Rutherford experiment where Rutherford shot charged particles at gold foil and discovered that many passed straight through while some bounced off at random angles. This model shows Rutherford's theory that an atom is mostly empty space due to electrons orbiting a small dense nucleus rather than a mass of plum pudding.

Planetary Model
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Also know as the Bohr model named after Neil Bohr the man who created it. He based this model off of an earlier one made by Rutherford.This model was groundbreaking in chemistry because it encompassed many of ideas and theories of atoms that are used today. This is known as the planetary model due to its resemblance to an astronomical map with electrons(planets) orbiting a nucleus(sun).