422-004+Z.+Shea-Hill+Big+Timeline+Project

500-1800** 1300's - Renaissance 1348 - Bubonic Plague 1800's - Industrial Revolution 1808 - United States passes federal ban on importation of slaves. 1848 - Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish "The Communist Manifesto" 1848 - "Declaration of Sentiments" of the American Woman Suffrage Movement is published. 1865 - United States Congress passes the Thirteenth Amendment, abolishing slavery in the US. 1875 - Smith and Wellesley College open to provide higher education for women. 1876 - Custer and his force of 600 are defeated by Sioux warriors in Greasy Grass/Little Big Horn. 1885 - May 4th a labor union meeting in Haymarket Square, Chicago ends with a bombing and leads to the execution of 4 labor leaders. 1908 - Introduction of Ford's Model T. 1914 - Panama Canal Opens. 1914 - Outbreak of World War l. 1917 - Russian Revolution 1922 - British Broadcasting Corporation is Founded. 1933 - FDR defeats Herbert Hoover in the United States Presidential election and institutes program of reform known as the "New Deal". 1945 - United States drops atomic bomb on Japan. 1973 - Roe V. Wade decision legalizes abortion in the United States. 8/2001 - Representatives of Isreal and the United States walk out of United Nations conference on racism in Durban, South Africa. 9/11/2001 - World Trade Center attack. __Leucippus__ 500-450 B.C
 * __Historical Events of Note:__
 * 1800-1875**
 * 1875-1900**
 * 1900-1915**
 * 1915-1950**
 * 1950-Present**

[|www.mlahana.com] Leucippus was born in Greece. He originated the idea of //atomism// or all matter is made up of atoms.

__Democritus__ 460 B.C.- 370 B.C. [|www.infinite-energy.com] Democritus was born in Abdera, Greece and was taught by Leucippus. Apart from Democratus's building upon Leucippus's theory of //atomism// by proposing that all matter is made up of different combinations of atoms and that different atoms differ in size and shape, he asserted that space, or the Void, has an equal right with reality, or the Being. He also suggested that the Void is a vacuum in which infinite atoms that made up the Being moved through. He also believed that atoms were responsible for the sensation of touch.

__Aristotle__ 384 B.C.- 322 B.C. [|www.martinfrost.com] Aristotle was born in Greece as the son of the King of Macedonia's court physician. After his father's death, Aristotle became a student at the Athenian Academy of Plato. He later established new academies in Assus and Mytiline. In 343 B.C., Aristotle lived in Pella and tutored Alexander the Great. He did not believe Democritus's theory of atoms. He believed that the earth was broken up into four indivisible elements; fire, water, earth, and air.

__Charles-Austine de Coulumb__ June 14, 1736- Aug. 23, 1806 [|www.nndb.com] Coulomb was born in Angouieme, France and spent nine years in the West Indies as a military engineer. When he returned he was in poor health and devoted his life to science. In 1785 he published Coulomb's law, which states that the force between two electricle charges is proportional to the product of the charges and is inversly proportional to the square of the distance between them.

__John Dalton__ Sept. 6, 1766-July 27, 1844 [|www.copernicus.org] Dalton was born in Eaglesfield, Cumberland, England and was born a Quaker. When he was only twelve, he took charge of a school in Cumberland. Later he taugth with his brother in Kendal for twelve years. Dalton became a teacher at the New College in Manchester. In 1801, Dalton proposed an atomic theory stating five points.

Theories one, four, and five are still accepted today. Two is false, as we know today of the existance of protons, neutrons, and electrons. We also know that three is not true because isotopes are atoms of the same element but have different numbers of neutrons.
 * 1) All matter is made up of atoms
 * 2) Atoms are indivisible
 * 3) Atoms of the same element are indentical
 * 4) Compounds are formed by atoms in small numbers
 * 5) Atoms are only rearainged in chemical reactions.

__Solid Sphere Model__ 1803 ;by Dalton [|www.mhsweb.ci.manchester.ct.us]

__Amedeo Avagadro__ Aug. 9, 1776-July 9, 1856 [|www.nndb.com] Avagadro was born in Turin, Italy. In 1811 he proposed his famous hypothisis that all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of chemical elements. He also calculated the number of particals in a mole, 6.022 X 10 to the 24th.

__Willhelm C. Roentgen__ Mar. 27, 1845- Feb. 10, 1953 [|www.drg.de] Wilhelm C. Roentgen was born in Lennep, Prussia; now Remscheid,Germany. He studied at Polytechnic in Zurich and then became a professor at the universities of Strasbourg, Gissen, Wurzburg, and Munich. In 1895, Roetengen discovered x-rays in an experiment in which he covered a crookes tube in black paper.

__JJ Thomson__ Dec. 18, 1856- Aug. 30, 1940 [|www.web-lexiikon.de] Thomson was born in Cheetham Hill near Manchester, England. When he was only 14, he attended Owens College; now Victoria University. In 1895, Thomson used a crookes tube and discovered the electron; at the time, he called it a corpuscle. He also discovered that it was negativily charged as well as its charge to mass ratio.

__Plum Pudding Model__ 1904; by Thomsom [|www.wps.prehall.com]

__Henri Becquerel__ Dec. 15, 1852- Aug. 25, 1908 [|www.nobelprize.org] Becquerel was born in Paris, France to a scietific family that exetended back several generations. His Father was Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel. Schools Becuerel attented included Ecole Ploytchnique and Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees. He also became an engineer at Ecole des Ponts et Chassees and later an assitant teacher at Ecole Polytechnique. In 1896, Becquerel studied the properties of urainium and rays produced by urainium ore. He observed that the rays were deflected by electric and magnetic feilds, and affect photographic plates in the same manner as x-rays.

__Marie Curie__ Nov. 7, 1867- July 4, 1934 www.nobel.se Marie Curie was born in Warsaw, Poland and from childhood had a prodigious memory. When she was 16, she completed her secondary education at the Russian lycee. In July 25, 1895, she married Pierre Curie and began studeing radioctivity. In 1898, Marie and Pierre Curie discovered radium and polonium. Curie died of leukimia caused by the very forces she studied.

__Pierre Curie__ May 15, 1859- Apr. 19, 1906 www.radiochemestry.org Pierre Curie was born in Paris, France and was educated by his father who was a doctor. When he was 18, Pierre recieved his //licence es sciences// and in 1878 went to work in Sorbonne as a lab assitant. There he calculated the wave lengh of heatwaves and later studied crystal with his brother, Jacgues. In July 25, 1895, he married Marrie Curie and later they discovered radium and polonium together.

__Otto Hahn__ Mar. 8, 1879-July 28, 1968 Hahn was born in Frankfurtam Main, Germany. In his early life his family wanted him to be an architect but in the University of Marburg, Hahn decided to insted study chemistry. In 1901 Hahn earned his doctorate and after a year in the military returned to the University of Marburg to become a chemistry lecture assistant. In 1904, he went to London to work at University College to work with William Ramsay. While with Ramsay, Hahn discovered radiothorium and then decided to continue studeing radioactivity. Later in 1944, he was awarded with the Nobel Prize for Chemestry and in 1966 shared the Enrico Fermi Prize with Meitner and Strassman for their discovery of uranium fission.

__Albert Einstein__ Mar. 14, 1879-Apr. 18, 1955 Einstien was born in Germany and in his early life was know to have learning disabilities. Dispite this, Einstien earned a docoriate at the Polytechnic Academy in Zurich in 1905 and in the same year published four research papers containing discoveries in physics. In 1921, he was awarded the Noble Prize for Physics for his photoelectric law and work in theoretical physics. During World War II, it was Einstein who warned President Roosevelt of the dangers of Germany's atomic bomb and afterwards the Manhattan Project began.

__Ernest Rutherford__ Aug. 30, 1871-Oct. 19 1937 [|www.search.nobelprize.org] Rutherford was born in Nelson, New Zealand but in 1895 he went to Britan and worked with Thomson at Cambridge University. In 1899 he went to work in McGill in Canada. While in McGill, Rutherford discovered alpha and beta particles in 1896. After moving, yet again, to Manchester University in 1907, he performed an experiment where he bombarded a sheet of gold foil with alpha particles and observed the atoms of the foil deflect the particles. Thus he discovered the positively charged nucleus of the atom.

__Planetary Model__ 1913 ;by Rutherford

[|www.mhsweb.ci.manchester.ct.us]

__Robert Millikan__ Mar. 22, 1868-Dec. 19, 1953 [|www.nobelprize.org] Millikan was born in Morrison, Ill and studied at the Universities of Berlin and Gottingen. After, he joined the faculty of the University of Chicago. While there he performed his famous oil-drop experiment in 1909; he spayed oil in a chamber full of electrons and measured how the electrons charges affected the fall of the drops of oil. Later, he verified Einstien's photographic equation and found the precise value of Planck's constant. In 1923, Millikan was honored with the Nobel Prize for physics for his study of the elementary electronic charge and the photographic effect.

__Niels Bohr__ Oct. 7, 1885-Nov. 18, 1962 [|www.counterbalence.net] Bohr was born in Copenhagen, Denmark and was the son of Cristian Bohr, proffesor of physiology at the University of Copenhagen. Other than winning a medal from the Danish Scientific Society for discovering the surface tension of water and receiving a doctrine in physics from the University of Copenhagen for a thesis on the electron theory of metals, Bohr's greatest acomplishments are his atomic model proposed in 1931 and his theory of the atom proposed in 1934. Bohr won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922. __Bohr Model__ 1917; by Bohr [|www.mhsweb.ci.manchester.ct.us]

__James Chadwick__ Oct. 20, 1891-July 24, 1974 [|www.nobel.se] Chadwick was born in Manchester, England and was educated at the Universities of Manchester and Cambridge. From 1923 he worked with Rutherford and by bombarding various elements with alpha particles and observing them transmutate into other substances, discovered the neutron. He also discovered in 1932, that when beryllium is bombarded with with alpha particles, it releases radiation that can remove the protons from certain elements.

__Werner Heisenberg__ Dec. 5, 1901- Feb. 1, 1976 [|www.spaceandmotion.com] Heisenberg was born in Wurzburg, Germany and studied theoretical physics at the University of Munich and obtained a doctor's degree in 1923. In the same year he went to Gottinhagen and worked with Bohr for three years. Later, Heisenburg became a proffesor of theoretical physics at Leipzig from 1927 to 1941. During the 1930's, Heisenburg developed a model of the nucleus in which it is made up of protons and neutrons. From 1942 to 1925 he was a director of the Max Planck Institute for Physics in Berlen and then in Gottingen from 1946.

__Lise Meitner__ Nov. 7, 1878-Oct. 27, 1968 [|www.nndb.com] Meitner was a German physicist who shared the Enrico Fermi Award with Hahn and Strassman for their discovery of uranium fission, in 1966. She recieved a doctrine at the University of Vienna in 1906 and a year later attended Planck's lectures in Berlin. Meitner and Hahn were the first to isolate protactinium-231, study nuclear isomerism and beta decay, and investigate the products of bombarding uranium with neutrons. Meitner retired in to England in 1960.

__Erwin Schrodinger__ Aug. 12, 1887-Jan. 4, 1961 [|www.spaceandmotion.com] Schrodinger was born in Vienna and attended the University of Vienna in 1906. After military service in World War I, he moved to Zurichin 1921 where he produced the papers that gave the foundation of quantum wave mechanics. In 1971, he developed the Schrodinger equation; an equation to describe the behavior of an electron in a hydrogen atom.

__Electron Cloud Model__ Late 1920's; by Schrodinger [|www.window.ucar]


 * Works Cited**
 * [|www.worldbookonline.com]


 * [|www.nndb.com]


 * //A People's History of the United State's: 1492-Present// by Howard Zinn


 * //A Brief History of the Western World// by Thomas H. Greer and Gaven Lewis


 * //American Passages: A History of the United States// by Ayers, Gould, Oshinsky, and Soderlund