1901-1915+LG

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JJ Thomson, Born December 18th, 1856 in Manchester. At only the age of 14, he enrolled in Owens College of Manchester and only 6 years later entered trinity college as a minor scholar. From there, JJ decided to stay at Trinity for the remainder of his working career, becoming a lecturer in 1883, later on becomming the master in 1918 all of which he had been a professor in physics. One of JJ's earliest interests was Atomic structure and his version of it was described in "A Treatise on the Motion of Vortex Rings", which won him the Adams prize in 1884. In 1886, Thomson made his first visit to the United States to share his work at Princeton University. Upon his lectures, they were also turned into a book version known as //Discharge of Electricity through Gases.// It wasn't until his return from America where he had his most famous and career changing invention, cathode rays culminating in the discovery of an electron april 30th, 1897 during a lecture at the Royal Institute. Seeing an opportunity to spread his invention, Thomson came back to the United States to give his lectures on his invention at Yale University in 1904. It was in America where he discovered the method where you could seperate different kinds of atoms and molecules by the use of Positive Rays (had the assistance of Aston and dempsters and others that contributed). Other awards besides the Nobel Prize that JJ recieved were; Order of Merit, Royal Hughs medals, the copely medal, the hodgikins medal, the Franklin and scott medal and many more for his achievements for his studies in not only chemisty, but physics as well.

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 * Robert Andrews Millikan** was born on the 22nd of March, 1868, in Morrison, Ill. His father was Reverend Silas Franklin Millikan and his mother was Mary Jane Andrews. Robert first enrolled in Oberlin College, it was there where he took a primary focus on Greek Culture and mathematics. However after he graduated in 1891 he took a few years off to be a physics teacher at the elementary level. The fortunate thing for chemisrty was he took a very big interest in physics during this period, after he obtained his mastership in physics and was appointed Fellow in Physics at Columbia University. His deep interest only led him to more and more fasinating discoveries, for example electricity, optics, and molecular physics. His first was in 1910 with the determination of the charge carried by an electron (the method he used was the falling drop method). The next challenge that Robert took on was the one and only Eistien's photoelectric equation, however this challenge certainly took him quite a while (1910 - 1915) but it was more than worth it. another important challege that rose Robert to the occasion was hot-spark spectroscopy of the elements (which explored the region of the spectrum between the ultraviolet and X-radiation). With this and other studies of extending the ultraviolet spectrum downwards far beyond the then known limit led him to the studies of cosmic radiation (particularly with ionization chambers). A good majority of his inventions came at about halfway through his life, robert grew to be an elderly fellow, finally passing away on the 19th of December, 1953, in San Marino, California.

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Marie Curie, //née// Maria Sklodowska, was born in Warsaw on November 7, 1867. Marie didn't have the same opportunities as the other scietists of her era but certainly worked hard to get to where she was. When Marie was 24 years old, her home country had been dominated by Russia, so she was forced to move to France and continue her studies and it was there where she obtained Licenciateships in Physics and the Mathematical Sciences. Throughout the scientists that we have seen, it is safe to say that Marie had been the most humble in her studies and research. For example she and her husband often worked together in a beat up labratory and did everything they could each day just to make a living. The two of them were inspired by Henri Becquerel and his research on isolation of polonium. However, Marie and her husband wanted to take it to a new level by seperating radium from radioactive residue. Another discovery that marie took advantage of was using radium as a relief during World War I when she used it on her daughter Irene. Marie's success proves to show that you don't need to be the sibling of a very smart professor or lecturer, instead if you work hard and focus on your goals you'll creat new discoveries. Marie died n Savoy, France, after a short illness, on July 4, 1934.