Daniel+Varraso

﻿ ﻿ ﻿ Daniel.Varraso Atomic.Timeline. Fall.2010

Democritus:

﻿Born 460 B.C. Death 370 B.C. Cause of Death (Unknown)

Tries to define what color is he regards black, red, white and green as primary. White is smooth casting no shadow, even, flat. Black is uneven, rough, shadowy and so on. The other colors result from various mixtures of these four, and are infinite in number. Democritus proved that all matter is made of something. Democritus had the idea that the atoms are invisiable but are still matter. These atoms are small in size and cannot be diminished fill the space they occupy.

Aristotle: Birth (384 BCE) Born at Stagira in northern Greece. Death (322 BCE) Country: Greece

Aristotle rejected the Platonic theory he defended his own vision of ultimate reality including the eternal existence of substance. Discovered 4 basic elements of Wind, Water, Fire, Earth. Believed these were controlled by Greek Gods. Also elements were linked to different seasons. Hera was Earth, Hades was Fire, Zeus was Air, Persephone was Water. .

Epicurus ﻿Born (341 BC) Death (270 BC) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country (Greece)

<span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Epicurus was a very important scientists durning the ancient greek times. He played a very important role in science for future scientists. He was also a very important philosopher in ancient Greece. Many of his philosiphical theories emphasize friendship and optimism. His philosophies are known as Epicurean Philosophy. His philosophy helped to shape Western civilization.



<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">John Dalton: <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">﻿ <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Born ( September 6th, 1766  <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Death ( July 27th, 1844)  <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Cause of death ( Stroke)  <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country orgin (Manchester England)  <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Dalton's investigations are those concerned with the Atomic Theory in chemistry, with which his name is inseparably associated. Dalton had the idea that chemical combination consists in the approximitation of atoms of definate and characteristic weight. <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">4 Parts:
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">All atoms of a given element are identical.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more kinds of atoms.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">All matter is made up of atoms. These atoms are indivisible and indestructible.



<span style="color: #808000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Henri Bequerel <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Birth: December 15, 1852 <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Death: August 25, 1908 <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country Orgin: Paris France

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Was part of a distinguished family of scholars and scientists. Beaquerel earliest work was concerened ﻿the plane polarization of light with the absorption of light crystals. In 1896 Bequerel made the discovery of radioactivity.



<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿Marie Curie <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">﻿ Birth: (November 7, 1867) Death: ( July 4th, 1934) Country of orgin: Warsaw Poland

Marie Curie developed methods for the separation of radium from radioactive residues. She allowed the characterization and study of its properties thereputic properties to be specific. She also recieved the medal of science in 1903 with her husband. In 1921 President Harding award on behalf of the women of America for her contributions to science.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">

<span style="color: #808000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Niels Bohr <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Birth: ( October 7, 1885) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Death: ( November 18th, 1962) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country of Orgin: Copenhagen Denmark

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Niels Bohr discovered that the electrons in an atom travel in orbit around the nucleus. Also discovered that the properties of an element are determined by the number of electrons in the outer orbit. He won the nobel prize in 1922 for the work with the structure of atoms.



<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: #169816; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">James Chadwick <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Birth: (October 20, 1891) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Death: (July 24, 1974) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country: England

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Chadwick is best know for the discovery for the existance of neutrons. He led his discovery toward the atomic bomb. Chadwick recieved the nobel prize in 1935.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">



Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Birth: (March 7, 1845) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Death: (February 10, 1923) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country: Germany

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Rontgen became a professor at the academy of agriculture in 1875. He is responsible for the discovery of x- Rays in which he earned the nobel prize for physics in 1901. He also won the rumford medal and Matteucci Medal in 1896.



<span style="color: #c75c0a; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Werner Heisenberg <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Birth: (December 5, 1901) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Death: (February 1, 1976) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country: Germany

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Heisenberg is responsible for the creation of quantum mechanics. He won the nobel prize for his creation.



<span style="color: #52e0cb; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Ernest Rutherford <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Birth: (August 30, 1871) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Death: (October 19, 1937) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country: New Zealand <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Rutherford is responsible for the gold foil experiment. The gold foil experiment emitted radioactive particles as thin sheets of gold foil. Most of the particles had made it through the foil. At the end of the experiment some of the particles had came back. This proved that every atom had contained a central nucleus which held most of the mass.



J.J Thompson

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Birth: (December 18, 1856) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Death: (August 30, 1940﻿) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country: England

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Thomson's early interest in atomic structure was reflected in his Treatise on the Motion of Vortex Rings which won him the Adams Prize in 1884. He is responsible for the discovery of the electron its his most famous work. He also discovered the method for seperating different kinds of atoms and molecules by the use of positive rays. Another work of Thompson is his plum pudding model. Also had the invention of mass spectrometer.



<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1700-1800 <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">- <span style="color: #0046ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Joseph Black <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> (April 16th 1728) - ( December 6th, 1799) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country: Scotland <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Black discovered Latent heat and also Co2. Made many contributions toward the atom.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">- <span style="color: #bae03e; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Joseph Louis Proust <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> ( September 26, 1754) - (July 5, 1826) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country: France <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">His most important contribution to chemistry is the Law of Definite Proportions. sometimes known as Proust’s Law. He synthesized copper carbonate. He discovered that the weight of each atom was proportionate to that of natural copper carbonate. He also proved that chemicals combine in definite proportions. This law proves that molecules and elements always combine in certain ratios. This is necessary to know when balancing equations or performing stoichiometry.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1800-1875

- <span style="color: #137c9a; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Avogadro <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">﻿( <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">August 7, 1776) - ( July 9, 1856 ) <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country: Italy <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Avogadro's Law states that all gases that are the same volume, temperature, and pressure must contain the same number of Molecules. Avogadro helped to start the evoloution of chemistry.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1875-1900

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">- <span style="color: #cb4d4d; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Albert Einstein <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">( March 14, 1879) - (April 18th 1955) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country: Germany <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Albert Einstein is known for his theory of relativity. He won the nobel prize in 1921 for contributions to theoretical physics.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1900-1915

<span style="color: #263c92; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Erwin Schrodinger <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">( August 12, 1887) - ( January 4, 1961) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country: Austrian <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Was a large part of the contribution to quantum mechanics. In 1914 Erwin Schrödinger achieved Habilitation higher than a doctrine. Schrödinger equation. gave a derivation of the wave equation for time independent systems. Showed that it gave the correct energy eigenvalues for the hydrogen-like atom.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1915-1950

- <span style="color: #655858; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Robert A. Millikan <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">(March 22, 1868) - ( December 19, 1953) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country: U.S.A. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Millikan made numerous momentous discoveries that included electricity, optics, and molecular physics. A major success was the accurate determination of the charge carried by an electron. used the falling-drop method he also proved that this quantity was a constant for all electrons this demonstrated the atomic structure of electricity. Millikan worked with the hot-spark spectroscopy of the elements these explored the region of the spectrum between the ultraviolet and X-radiation thereby extending the ultraviolet spectrum downwards far beyond the then known limit. The discovery of his law of motion of a particle falling towards the earth after entering the earth's atmosphere together with his other investigations on electrical phenomena ultimately led him to his significant studies of cosmic radiation especially with ionization chambers.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1950 <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">- <span style="color: #c75c0a; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Leon Davidson <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">(October 18, 1922) – (January 1, 2007) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Country: U.S.A. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Graduated from Columbia University with a chemical engineer degree. Best know for the Manhattan project. This project was the development of the U.S. atomic bomb. Was part of nuclear development Corporation of America. He also became highly involved with technology through the private and public sectors.

=<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Atomic Models: =

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Atomic Theory



<span style="color: #db48db; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Electron Cloud Model <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">( positively charged nucleus is in the center and surrounded by electrons in orbit. )

<span style="color: #3b9b9b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Plum Pudding Model <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">( Positivly charged protons<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">﻿)

<span style="color: #64a0a0; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">


<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿ Gold Foil Experiment <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿ ( Nuclear Model of an atom)



Plantary Model <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">﻿ <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿( Neutrons and Protons)



<span style="color: #9b67ad; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Crookes Model <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">﻿ <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">﻿( Measures intensity of radiant energy)

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;"> <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">

<span style="color: #daaa25; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿EVENTS:
//__**1700-1800**__// <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Benjamin Franklin performs his famous kite experiment in which he shows that lightning is a form of electricity in 1752. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**//__1800-1875__//** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1. The first amino acid is discovered in 1806. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">2. The term 'kinetic energy' is used for the first time in 1829. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3. The distance of the Earth from the sum is calculated by astronomers as 147 million km, only 2.6 million km less than our estimate today in 1864. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**//__1875-1900__//** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Helium is discovered on Earth, it was previously thought only to exist in the Sun in 1895. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**//__1900-1915__//** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Vitamins A and B are discovered in 1913.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**//__1915-1950__//** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">George Gamow, Ralph Adler, and Robert Herman develop the Big Bang Theory.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**//__1950-Present__//** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">September 11, 2001 worst terrorist attacks on American History.

<span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿ Bibliography: <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[] <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[] <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[] <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">