422-002+A.+Bertino+and+A.+Bertino+Big+Timeline+Project

=__ATOMIC TIMELINE__=


 * //World Events//

__Ancient__ 479 B.C. The Battle of Plataea ends the Persian invasion of Greece. 312 B.C. Rome's first aqueduct is finished enabling inhabitants of the city to get pure drinking water for the first time. 200 B.C. Rome lays the world's first paved streets, which make it possible to travel during inclement weather.

__500-1800__ 957 Edgar, the first King of England, ascends the throne. 1362 English becomes the language of pleading and judgement in England's law courts. 1730 Botulism makes its first appearance in Europe.

__1800-1875__ 1806 The abdication of Emperor Ferdinand leads to the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire. 1846 The starving Irish flee for America, Australia, and Canada. 1872 Louis Pasteur shows that fermentation is caused by microorganisms.

__1875-1900__ 1885 Louis Pasteur administers the first anti-rabies vaccine. 1897 The first photographs taken with a flashbulb are produced. 1899 An open door policy in China is proposed by U.S.

__1900-1915__ 1903 The Wright brothers make their first flight. 1908 The first large deposit of petroleum is discovered in Persia which starts the beginning of the Middle East oil boom. 1914 World War I breaks out in Europe.

__1915-1950__ 1922 First treatment of diabetes 1945 U.S. planes drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1948 Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated

__1950-Present__ 1950 President Truman appoved the production of the hyrogen-bomb 1969 First man on the moon. 2001 Attack on the World Trade Center


 * //Scientists//

Ancient Greece and Roman Philosophers
__Aristotle__ 384 BC -322 BC Greece Aristoltle is most commonly known for his belief that the world is made up of four main elements; water, air, earth, and fire. He said that when these elements were combined they formed materials that could be placed into each group.

__Leucippus__ Greece He lived around 470 BC Leucippus was the first person to introduce the idea of the atom. His ideas were what later inspired his student Democritus.

__Democritus__ 460 BC - 370 BC Greece Democritus believed in the idea that all matter is composed of eternal, indivisible, indestructible and infinitely small objects which come together to form the object. His theory is said to have lead to the expansion of the atomic belief.
 * [[image:Democratis_Art_1.JPG width="166" height="195" caption="Democratis_Art_1.JPG"]] ||
 * Democratis_Art_1.JPG ||

1700-1800
__Antoine Lavoisier__ 1743-1794 France Lavoisier was able to break down water and show that it was made up of both oxygen and hydrogen. His discoveries helped push for the belief that the world is made up of atoms.

__Charles Augustin De Coulomb__ 1737- 1806 Paris, France Coulomb explained the law of friction and worked with the laws of repulsion and attraction that occurred between electric charges and magnetic poles. His studies with the laws of repulsion and attraction never showed any true connection though.

__Jeremias Benjamin Richter__ 1762- 1807 Germany Richter's most significant contribution was his law on definite proportion in 1972. This law gave support to the existence of atoms. He also found that the compounds weight that was used in a chemical reaction would always remain the same.

1800-1875
__John Dalton__ 1766-1841 England John Dalton's famous theory was on the conservation of matter. He based this theory on these five statements. 1. All matter is composed of very small particles called atoms. 2. Atoms in the same element have the same properties 3. Atoms can neither be destroyed, created, or divided. 4. When atoms of different elements are combined, they form chemical compounds. 5. A chemical reaction will occur when atoms are combined, rearranged or separated. (This is what Dalton believed an atom looked like.)

__Sir William Crookes__ 1832- 1919 London, England Crookes invented the Crookes tube which involved the use of cathode rays and helped many other scientists come to there discoveries. He also founded the element thallium.

__Dmitri Mendeleev__ 1834-1907 Tobolsk, Siberia Mendeleev was a Russian chemist who was mostly well known for the first version of the periodic table in 1869, that was widely accepted. It was different then those of other who had created one because it planned for new elements to be discovered. He also had other contributions in chemistry in the fields of hydrodynamics, meteorology, geology, chemical technology and other subjects related to chemistry and physics.

1875- 1900
__Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen__ 1845-1923 Germany Now a day Röntgen is probably remembered due to that fact that he got an element after him in 2004, but more importantly is his discovery of electromagnetic radiation in x-rays. To aid in his discovery he used the crooks tube and his wives hand. Her hand was the first x-ray to be ever taken. (Röntgen's wifes hand)

__Henri Becquerel__ 1852-1908 France Becquerel won the noble prize in 1903 for his research about radioactivity. He actually discovered radioactivity accidentally while studying phosphorescence in uranium salts.

__J.J Thompson__ 1856-1940 England J.J Thompson is credited to have discovered the existence of the electron after numerous experiments using the cathode-ray tube. With his knowledge of the electron he created the "plum-pudding" model which said they every atom is a sphere containing a positively charged fluid(pudding) that contains scattered negatively charged electrons(plums). These negativley charged electrons where then held in place due to electrical forces occurring between the negative electrons and positive fluid.(Shown below is his plum-pudding model.)

1900-1915
__Marie Curie__ 1867-1934 France In 1903, Marie Curie received the noble prize for her discovery of radioactivity. Along with her husband Piere she continued to discover the radioactive elements Polonium and Radium in 1911. Curie is the only person to receive the noble prize in both chemistry and physics.

__Ernest Rutherford__ 1871-1937 New Zealand Rutherford's most famous experiment was the "gold foil experiment". In this experiment he shot particles at a sheet of thin gold foil. Unlike what he predicted some of the particles shot back, about 1 in 8000. In 1910 the results from this experiment lead to his theory on how a nucleus is the center of an atom.

__Robert A. Millikan__ 1868-1953 United States of America In 1909, Milikan made a great discovery on the knowledge of the charge of an electron. He made this discovery after preforming an experiment using oil droplets.(Shown below)

__Niels Bohr__ 1885-1962 Denmark Niels Bohr most significant contribution involved his expansion of Rutherford's model. Using Rutherford's nucleus idea he was able to come up with his own model of the atom, the planetary model. This model lead him to receive the noble prize for atomic structure in 1922.( Shown below is the planetary model)

1915-1950
__Erwin Schrödinger__ 1887-1961 Vienna, Italy After receiving a very advanced education, Schrödinger began to question the ideas of other chemists, most importantly the Bohr-Rutherford atomic model. So with the help of Werner Heisenberg he came up with his own atomic model called the electron cloud model. (Schrödinger's electron cloud model)

__Werner Heisenberg__ 1901-1976 Germany Heisenberg's main contribution was in quantum physics, in this field, he found the uncertainty principle in 1927, which in other words meant that the more the more precisely the position is known, the less precisely the momentum is known. He received the Noble prize in physics in 1932. His reasearch and developments also consisted of cosmic ray showers, nuclear fission and, a unified theory of elementary particles.

__James Chadwick__ 1891-1974 England Chadwich is most known for his discovery of the neutron in the atom in 1932. He also made many great strides in nuclear sciences. For his achievements he won the Hughes medal in 1932 and in 1935 he won the Noble prize in physics.

Sites Uses
Scientists: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/ http://www.timelineindex.com/content/select/1626/1023,820,1626 http://www.iep.utm.edu/d/democrit.htmhttp://www.philosophypages.com/ph/aris.htmhttp://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Lavoisier.htmlhttp://www.thiel.edu/digitalelectronics/people/Coulomb/Charles%20de%20Coulomb.htm// //http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/history/richter.html// //http://www.chemheritage.org/classroom/chemach/periodic/dalton.html// //http://www.nndb.com/people/965/000100665/// //http://www.chemistry.co.nz/mendeleev.htm[|http://www.aip.org/history/]http://www.rutherford.org.nz/http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/Biographies/MillikanBio.htmhttp://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95oct/nbohr.htmlhttp://www.thocp.net/biographies/chadwick_james.htm

Pictures: http://reich-chemistry.wikispaces.com/Honors+Art+Pieces http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Images/heisenberg-werner-quantum-1.jpghttp://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=20947&rendTypeId=4http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/ugrad/228/images/bohr.gifhttp://www.physchem.co.za/Static%20Electricity/Graphics/GRDA0029.gifhttp://www.gardenofpraise.com/images/curie.jpg http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/physics/quantised_world/structure-images/fig2b.gif http://www.mpe.mpg.de/xray/wave/general/roentgen/roentgen-1.gif http://www.edinformatics.com/great_thinkers/Dmendeleev.jpg http://www.umw.edu/hisa/resources/Student%20Projects/Amy%20Miller%20--%20X http://www.uni-bayreuth.de/departments/ddchemie/umat/alchemie2/lavoisier.jpg

World Events: http://www.history.com/search.do?searchText=world+history&targetDB=THC_WORLD_TIMELINE_v2