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Hydrochloric Acid

Hydrochloric acid is a highly corrosive solution that is a combination of hydrogen, chloride, and water. This aqueous solution is used for the production of batteries, photoflash bulbs, fireworks, sugar and gelatin. The stomach produces it naturally to help break down food as part of the digestion process. It can also be used for "steel-picking" which is removing scale and rust from metal. At room temperature it is a gas but when water is added it becomes a liquid, which is clear and poisonous. The equation for hydrochloric acid is HCl + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + Cl. It was discovered in the year 800 by Jabir ibn Hayyan when he mixed salt and sulfuric acid. It became an important chemical during the Industrial Revolution and was used for the large-scale production of organic compounds. Major producers of hydrochloric acid are Dow Chemical, FMC, Tessenderlo, Akzo Nobel, Tosoh Corporation, and Georgia Gulf Corporation. Hydrochloric acid is an irritant to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. It burns through most things it touches which is why it is handled so cautiously and stored in special containers. Contact with the skin can cause severe burns, scarring, and ulceration. A long-term exposure can cause chronic bronchitis, gastritis, dermatitis, and photosensitization.

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__References__

http://www.answers.com/topic/hydrochloric-acid?cat=health

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/hydrochl.html

http://www.americanchemistry.com/s_chlorine/sec_content.asp?CID=1255&DID=4735&CTYPEID=113