•---1875-1900

__Wilhelm Rontgen 1885__ Wilhelm Rontgen was born March 27, 1845 in the lower Rhine Province of Germany and he died February 10, 1923. When he was three years old he and his family moved to Apeldoorn in the Netherlands. He went to the institute of Martinus Herman Van Doorn which was a boarding school. He entered the University of Utrecht in 1865 to study physics. In 1970, he published his first book on heat and gasses. In 1869 he graduated with a Ph.D. at the University of Zurich. In 1901, he was awarded the first Nobel Prize for physics. This photo from [] Rontgen discovered while working with a Crookes tube a new emision which he called an X-ray. He found a photogenic plate in a desk in the room where he had been conducting his experiments with the Crookes tube and he had noticed that it had been exposed. He developed the plate and found an image of a key which had been on top of the desk. During his later experiments he produced images of bones even an image of his wife's hand. What he found revolutionized the way doctors worked and a new way of medicine.

__JJ Thompson 1897__ JJ Thompson was born in 1856 in Manchester England and passed away in 1940. Early on in Thompson life his father wanted his son to be an engineer, but due to money shortages that was not a possibility. Thompson enterd Owen College in Manchester where a professor encouraged him to apply for a scholarship at Trinity College in Cambridge. He was accepted there in 1876. Later on after school he became a professor in Physics. This photo from [] //In the Plum Pudding model Thompson is showing us that the atom is made up of electrons that are surronded by a positively charged area in order to balnce out the electrons negative charge.// Thompson was experimenting with currents of electricity inside glass tubes when he realized that cathode rays were materials of atoms that made up electrons. The electrons are very small negatively charged particle that is in every atom. Because of these experiments based on the electron it lead to inventions of the television and other appliances like the computer. Thompson also proposed a model of the called the plum pudding model where thousands of tiny particles called atoms forms inside a shell of mass less positive charge.

__Ernest Rutherford 1899__ Ernest Rutherford was born August 30, 1871 in Nelson New Zealand and died in 1937. Rutherford discovered that atoms have a small charged nucleus, which led to his creation of the Rutherford model. Rutherford did very well in school eventually earning a scholarship. He received the noble prize for chemistry in 1908, and he was also knighted in 1914. In 1919, he was at school during the time of World War I. In 1919, while at Cambridge University he worked under J.J. Thompson. This picture from [] Rutherford discovered that atoms a small charged nucleus by his gold foil experiment. This experiment involved the firing of radioactive particles through thin gold foils and detecting them using screens coated with zinc sulfide. Rutherford found that many of the particles passed through the gold layers but some would deflect back.