S.Smith+and+C.Gibson+Time+Line+Project


 * Events that happened through 1700-1800’s:**

ONE: Early 1700’s, in Salem Massachusetts witch craft trials were being held accusing innocent people and sentencing them to death.

http://faculty.washington.edu/qtaylor/a_us_history/1700_1800_timeline.htm http://z.about.com/d/atheism/1/7/L/0/3/SalemWitchTrial-e.jpg
 * Websites I used**:

TWO: In 1731 founded by Benjamin Franklin the first American public library opened in Philadelphia.

http://www.wclibrary.info/history/images/first_lib_painting.jpg http://faculty.washington.edu/qtaylor/a_us_history/1700_1800_timeline.htm
 * Websites that I used:**

THREE: In 1784 the Treaty of Paris is ratified by Congress. This brings an official end to the Revolutionary War.

http://faculty.washington.edu/qtaylor/a_us_history/1700_1800_timeline.htm http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/revolution-images/images/treaty-of-paris-01.jpg
 * Websites that I used:**

__Chemists during 1700-1800:__ He was an English school teacher who proposed a conversation of mass. He summed his theory up in five statements. One: All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. Two: Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties. Three: atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed. Four: atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds. Five: in chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dalton#Bibliography Our chemistry book
 * Name:** John Dalton
 * Date of birth:** 1766
 * Date of death:** 1844
 * Country of Origin:**John Dalton’s birthplace was in Eaglesfield Cumbria located in the extreme north west of England. He was born into a modest, Quaker family and raised in Cumberland, England.
 * Year of discovery and contribution:**
 * Websites I used:**

http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/c/cf/250px-Coulomb.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb
 * Name:** Charles Augustin De Coulomb
 * Date of birth:** 1737
 * Date of death:** 1806
 * Country of Origin:**Charles' country of origin was France.
 * Year of discovery and contribution:** Coulomb explained the laws of repulsion and attraction between electric charges and magnetic poles. Although he never found any true relation between them he though that the attraction and repulsion were due to different kind of fluids. He also did the law of friction.
 * Websites I used**:

http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/image/priestley.jpg http://home.nycap.rr.com/useless/priestly/priestly.html
 * Name:** Joseph Priestley
 * Date of birth:** 1733
 * Date of death:** 1804
 * Country of Origin:** Joseph's country of origin was England.
 * Year of discovery and contribution:** Experimenting with electricity he showed that brewery gas extinguished lighted wood chips. Also noticing the gas was denser then the normal air. This gas is known as carbon dioxide. He received a medal from the Royal Society in 1773
 * Websites I used**:


 * Events that happened through 1800-1875’s:**

ONE: 1800 Washington D.C. becomes the new capital on the United States! Website I used: http://www.historycentral.com/NN/Washingtoncap.html

TWO: In 1803 the Louisiana Purchase occurs. Websites I used: http://www.historycentral.com/NN/Louisiana.html http://www.enchantedlearning.com/lgifs/Louisianapurchase.GIF

THREE: In 1819 the first steam power ship crosses the Atlantic. Websites I used: http://www.historycentral.com/NN/Steamship.html http://www.modelshipmaster.com/products/tall_ships/greatbritain.jpg

__Chemists during 1800-1875:__

He was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1906 for recognition of his great theoretical and experimental the analysis of the conduction of electricity by gases. He conducted many experiments with cathode rays and tubes and have three different experiments. In 1913 he made the discovery of the isotopes. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1906/thomson-bio.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Thomson http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Jj-thomson2.jpg/250px-Jj-thomson2.jpg
 * Name:** J.J. Thomson
 * Date of birth:** 1854
 * Date of death:** 1940
 * Country of Origin:** He was born in Cheetham Hill, Manchester in England. His parents were Scottish. He enrolled in Owens College in 1870. There he studied engineering. Afterward in 1876 Thomson moved to Trinity College located in Cambridge, as a minor scholar.
 * Year of discovery and contribution:**
 * Websites I Used:**


 * Name:** Wilhelm C. Rontgen
 * Date of birth:** 1845
 * Date of death:** 1923
 * Country of Origin:** Wilhelm C. Roentgen was born in the Lower Rhine Province of Germany. In 1848 for businesses reasons Wilhelm and his family moved to Apeldoorn, Netherlands and grew up there.
 * Year of discovery and contribution:** In 1895 Rontgen tested his idea to generate an electrostatic charge. He covered the Crooks tube with cardboard and attached the electrodes to a Ruhmkorff coil to generate an electrostatic charge. After two long weeks of eating and sleeping in his laboratory he was finally ready to give his experiment a whorl. The first image he captured was of his wife’s hand (seen below), the first skeleton image. Rontgen was awarded an honorary Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Wurzburg. He also published three papers on X-rays. Even having an impact today Rontgen is considered the father of diagnostic radiology.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen http://online-media.uni-marburg.de/radiologie/lehre/bilder/w_c_roentgen.jpg http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=8410&rendTypeId=4
 * Websites I used:**



http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1923/millikan-bio.html http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=68969&rendTypeId=4
 * Name:** Robert Milikan
 * Date of birth:** 1868
 * Date of death:** 1963
 * Country of Origin:** Robert Milikan’s country of origin is the United States of America.
 * Year of discovery and contribution:** As a scientist, Milikan made numerous discoveries mainly in the fields of electricity, molecular physics, and optics. His earliest and most accurate discovery was the determination of the charge carried of an electron. He used the elegant “falling-drop method” which also proved the quantity for all electrons were constant. He also explored the ultra violent and X-radiation and extending the ultraviolet spectrum far beyond the known limit.
 * Websites I Used:**




 * Name:** Ernest Rutherford
 * Date of birth:** 1871
 * Date of death:** 1937
 * Country of Origin:** Ernest Rutherford’s country of Origin is New Zealand.
 * Year of discovery and contribution:** Ernest Rutherford’s first researches were in New Zealand. They had to do with the magnetic properties of iron exposed to high-frequency oscillations. Rutherford wrote a thesis entitled Magnetization of Iron by High-Frequency Discharges. Rutherford also published many books having to do with radiology.
 * Websites I used:**
 * http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/0/l/T/rutherford3.jpg**
 * http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1908/rutherford-bio.html**

http://www.radiochemistry.org/nuclearmedicine/pioneers/images/mariecurie.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie
 * Name:** Marie Curie
 * Date of birth:** 1867
 * Date of death:** 1934
 * Country of Origin:** Marie Curie was born in Warsaw, Congress Poland, and Russian Empire. She lived there until she was twenty four, and in 1891 she went with her older sister to study in Paris. In Paris, that’s where she obtained her more advanced degrees and conducted her scientific work.
 * Year of discovery and contribution:** At the University of Paris Marie met Pierre Curie. They both worked in the same field. They got married and pursued their careers together. They both studied radioactive materials. In December of 1898 the Curies announced the existence of a new element. They named it radium because of its intense radioactivity. In 1903 Marie and Pierre received the Nobel Prize in physics. Marie was the first women to be awarded a Nobel Prize. Then, eight years later she received Nobel Prize in recognition of her advancement of chemistry by the discovery of two elements, radium and polonium.
 * Websites I used:**



http://www.rtstudents.com/radiology/images/antione-henri-becquerel.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Becquerel
 * Name:** Henri Becquerel
 * Date of birth:** 1852
 * Date of death:** 1908
 * Country of Origin:** Henri Becquerel's country of origin is France.
 * Year of discovery and contribution:** Henri Becquerel accidentally discovered radio activity. This discovery led him to investigate the spontaneous emission of nuclear radiation.
 * Websites I used:**

ONE: In 1877, the first Wimbledon tennis tournament took place in England. TWO: IN the 1800s, the French try to construct the Panama Canal, which would have an enormous impact on shipping between the oceans. **
 * Chemists during 1875-1900:
 * THREE: Since 1896, the Olympic games have been taking place. The first place it was held was in Athens, Greece.

** Date of Birth: 1885 Date of Death: 1962 Birthplace: Copenhagen, Denmark Year ofContribution/Discover: In his later years, he devoted his work to the peaceful application of atomic physics and to political problems arising from the development of atomic weapons. In 1922 he won a nobel prize because he did great work on investigating the strucure of atoms and the radiation coming from them. Date of Birth:1887 Date of Death: 1961 Birthplace: Vienna, Austria Year and Contribution/Discovery: in 1927 he showed that the discrete energy states of matter could be determined by wave equations. Erwin also made up his own equation in 1926, which he called the Schrödinger equation. It says that thevalues of the wave equation were shown to be equal to the energy levels of the quantum mechanical system, and the best test of the equation was when it was used to solve for the energy levels of the Hydrogen atom. Date of Birth: 1891 Date of Death: 1974 Birthplace: Chesire, England Year and Contribution/Discovery: In 1919 Chadwick joined Rutherford in accomplishing the transmutation of other light elements by bombardment with alpha particles, and in making studies of the properties and structure of atomic nuclei .In 1932 he proved the existence of //neutrons// and that it has a electrical charge.

ONE: In 1901, there was a third assassination of a U.S. President,President McKinley occured. TWO: In 1905 Henry Ford had the first mass production of automobiles. THREE: World War I took place in 1914 between The Entente Powers and the Central Powers. The War was mainly fought in England.
 * Chemists during 1900-1915:**

Date of Birth: 1901 Date of Death: 1976 Birthplace: Würzburg, Germany Year and Contribution/Discovery: He was know for his uncertainty principle.In 1927, he also discovered that there is no discrete particle and that it's impossible to locate the exact position of something that does not exist, also known as the continous motion of a particle.

Date of Birth:1908 Date of Death:1980 Birthplace: Grad Valley, Clorado Year and Contrubution/Discovery: In Colorado he was know for hiswork on natural carbon-14 and using it for helpfully dating artifacts. Also he was known for using natural trituim in hydrology and geophysics.He won a nobel prize because of his work in 1971.

Date of Birth: 1911 Date of Death: 1997 Birthplace: St. Paul, Minnesota Year and Conturbution/Discovery: In 1935 he completed a thesis on the electron affinity of halogens. He also was famous for his Calvin e Cycle. The Calvin Cycle was is a series of biochemical reactions that takes place in the stroma cell of plant cells in photosynthetic organisms. He discover this cycle in 1969.

ONE: In 1926 the television is developed in Japan by Kenjiro Takayanagi. TWO: The Cold War began in thr 1940s. The war was between the United States and the Soviet Union, in the war there was never direct fighting but there was battle stations set up. THREE: In 1945, the United Nations was set up so that it could help with conflicts between nations and to aviod war. Walter Kohn Date of Birth: 1923 Date of Death: present Birthplace: Vienna, Austria Year and Conturbution/Dicovery: In 1998, he developed the density-functional theory, which has become an essential tool for electronic materials science. The density-functional theory is is a quantum mechanicaltheory used in physics and chemistry to investigate the ground state of many-body systems, in particular atoms, molecules and the condensed phases. Date of Birth: 1917 Date of Death: present Birthplace: Sydney, Australia Year and Contrubution/Discovery: He had an extreme influence on penicillen.He also got the nobel prize for the work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in 1975.
 * Chemists during 1915- 1950:**

Date of Birth:1928 Date of Death: present Birthplace: Methuen, Massachusetts Year and Contrubution/Discovery: In 1990 he was awarded a nobel prize for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis in chemistry. Organic synthesis is the construction of organic molecules by a chemical processes.

Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880s http://www.physics.ucsb.edu/~kohn/ http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae329.cfm?CFID=22371173&CFTOKEN=43179648 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_synthesis http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/index_uk.asp