A.Matos+reaction+wiki

__**Synthesis of ethanol**__

The formation of ethanol is produced by the reaction of sugar and yeast, the source of the sugar is the corn from the U.S. in other countries like Brazil where ethanol is in demand they use sugar can for the sugar part of the ethanol. To have yeast that produces alcohol is called brewing. The process must exclude yeast because if oxegen is present it makes carbon dioxide and water and not ethanol. Ethanol is produced as a petrochemical.Today technology can produce ethanol from glucose and it cuts the price down and isn't as expensive. The process involves combustion with a metallic catalyst. The combustion is controlled by holding the reaction in a chamber and limiting the oxygen. By using this process of technology they realized that it cuts the cost but a few cents. Ethanol is used for gas and 10% of it in the U.S today is made from it. There are different ways in making ethanol that are enviornmentally safe. Ethanol is also the alcohol used in alcoholic beverages. Fermation of sugar into alcohol is the earliest use of organic reaction known to the world. The intoxication effect ethanol has on people has been known since ancient times. Ethanol has many other uses such as scents, flavoring, colorings, and medicines. Ethanol was first prepared synthetically in 1826 by Henry Hennel from Great Britain. Another man named Michael Faraday prepared ethanol by the acid catalyzed hydration of ethylene. There are many industries in the united states that produce ethanol and there are some that are outside the united states. The cost for shipping the ethanol is expensive so they try to produce as much of it as they can here in the U.S. Ethanol served as lamp fuel in the U.S in the 1840's and Ford automobiles ran on it after the taxes went down. In the 1920's the producers of ethanol were seen as so called "moonshiners" and ethanol once again ended up fading from the public eye. Many people disagreed with ethanol research efforts. one person in particular was Hilary Clinton. In 2002 she stated " there is no sound public policy reason for mandating the use of ethanol. But now Hilary Clinton and many others support research of ethanol.The properties of ethanol mainly come from its hydroxyl group and he shortness of its carbon chain. The group is able to participate in hydrogen bonding. Like most short chain alcohols Ethanol is colorless, flammable, and has a very strong odor. Hydrogen bonding causes pure ethanol hygroscopic that it readily absorbs water from the air. Because the ethanol molecule has a non polar end it dissolves non polar substances, including most essential oils. The polar nature in the group helps ethanol easily dissolve ionic compounds. Ethanol and mixtures with water greater than about 50% are highly flammable and easliy ignited. Breweries and biofuel plants employ two methods for measuring ethanol concentration. Infrared ethanol sensors measure the vibrational frequency of dissolved ethanol. This helps them get their beer the correct way and not mess things up.Etanol is used for many useful things in our world and we wouldnt be able to get around in our cars without it.

chart used for when they measure the frequency of dissolved ethanol

Car fueled by clean burning ethanol

the structure of ethanol

everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1390925 - 19k www.che.msstate.edu/academics/faculty_staff/ Zappi/consortium/production_of_**ethanol**_from_synth.htm - 6k - www.cmt.anl.gov/Science_and_Technology/Basic_Science/ Publications/Selective_Catalytic_**Ethanol**_**Synthesis**.pdf -
 * sites i used for this project**