•---1800-1875

__John Dalton 1803__

John Dalton was born September 6, 1776 in England and he died July 27, 1844. John Dalton was a teacher throughout most of his life, and he was the first person to describe color blindness. Also, he recorded in good detail weather observations using instruments that he made by himself. In 1793, he published a book called Meteorological observations. In 1833, he earned a pension from the King for his work in the development of the atomic theory. This picture from [] He discovered the formulation of the Atomic theory which was created with four main points. One is that all matter is made of atoms and they are indivisible and indestructible. Two states that atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties. Three states that compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms. Four states a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms. Dalton's formulation led to the basics of the atomic theory. Today the modern atomic theory is a little more evolved then Dalton's theory. __Micheal Farady 1830__ Micheal Farady was born on September 22, 1791 in England and he died August 25, 1867. Micheal Faraday was born to a poor family in London. He was a British physicist and chemist and he always curious questioning the way things were. When he was fourteen years old he had a job as an apprentice at a local book binder. During the next seven years he educated himself by reading many varieties of books. In 1812, he attended lectures by chemist Humphry Davy who inspired Faraday. Davy gave Faraday a job as an assistant at the Royal Institution. This picture from [] Faraday developed the principle behind the electric motor and the electric transformer. He developed the field theory of electromagnetism. He studied the effect electricity on solutions, and developed laws of electrolysis. His law stated that the number of moles at an electrode has during electrolysis is directly proportional to the number of moles of electrons transferrd at that electrode.

__Johannes Hittorf 1869__ Johannes Hittorf was born March 27, 1824 in Munster Germany and died November 28, 1914. Hitorf studied under Julius Pluckier. He became the first scientist to calculate the electric capacity of charged atoms and molecules. Also, he was a professor at the University of Munster and was the director of laboratories from 1879-1889. This picture from [] Hitorf found that when a object was placed between the cathode and the anthode, a shadow was cast on the end of the tube across from the cathode. His experiments showed that rays could escape if tiny cracks form in the tubes walls, and they act differently under the effects of magnesium.