B.Sulser+K.Nagle+and+D.Thibault+Reaction+Wiki

=Synthesis of Ethanol= Ethanol is made from the fermentation of corn. The process which it is formed is greenhouse gas neutral. The benefits of fermentation processes are that it operates at low temperatures and produces a higher ethanol yield then the catalyst process. Also this process is good for the economy because it uses refinery gases. This fermentation process is not ruined by the presence of sulfer compounds which can be problematic in the catalytic process. Unfortunately, because it is necessary to separate water from the ethanol, it is less energy efficient. Argonne National Laboratory is working on something called the "Dry Ethanol Process." Simlar to the other process, it is also greenhouse gas neutral, but produces anhydrous ethanol. This new process includes steam reforming of biomass to produce a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the methanol synthesis using Cu/ZnO catalyst selected homogeneous catalytic ethanol synthesis chemistry. This reaction occurs in temperatures of 180-200 degrees (c). The Equation =CH3OH + 2 CO + H2 = CH3CH2OH + CO2 Ethanol is and economical and good source because today it is being used for fuel to blend with gasoline. This is useful because it also helps in the production of energy and for food sources. We need this energy and fuel to generate our cars and ethanol is produced within corn at corn bases. Current research on catalytic ethanol synthesis has a big impact on our energy circumstances today.

Currently in the U.S. an average of 10% of the volume of the gasoline purchased is ethanol. All of this ethanol is produced with fermentation of sugar with yeast at a production cost of about $0.80 per gallon of ethanol. The source of the sugar in the U.S. is corn. In other countries such as Brazil where ethanol is used more extensively as a gasoline additive sugar cane by-products are used.

www.che.msstate.edu/academics/faculty_staff/ Zappi/consortium/production_of_**ethanol**_from_synth.htm - 6k http://www.cmt.anl.gov/Science_and_Technology/Basic_Science/Publications/Selective_Catalytic_Ethanol_Synthesis.pdf http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1390925
 * Bibliography**